ELECTRONIC SPARK ADVANCE (ESA) CONTROL OPERATION [L8, LF]

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Ignition Method

• The PCM excites the ignition coils employing either fixed ignition or cycle estimated ignition according to engine operation conditions.

Ignition method

Ignition timing

Ignition coil energization period

Fixed ignition

Fixed at BTDC 10 °

Fixed period at BTDC 10 ° to end of energization

Cycle estimated ignition

Ignition at timing appropriate to engine operation conditions based on input signals

• Energization time (ignition coil energization time) to igniter is determined according to battery voltage

• Cylinder independent ignition

Ignition method	Ignition timing	Ignition coil energization period
Fixed ignition	Fixed at BTDC 10 °	Fixed period at BTDC 10 ° to end of energization
Cycle estimated ignition	Ignition at timing appropriate to engine operation conditions based on input signals	• Energization time (ignition coil energization time) to igniter is determined according to battery voltage • Cylinder independent ignition

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Determination of Ignition Timing

Division of control zones

• The PCM divides the engine control operations into each control zone according to the engine speed and throttle valve opening angle to determine the ignition timing by each of the control zones to perform optimum ignition control under all engine operation conditions.

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Control zone

Control condition

Ignition method

Start zone

Engine speed is 500 rpm or less.

When MAF sensor is damaged.

Fixed ignition

Idle zone

Fully-closed throttle valve when engine speed is the target idle speed + 1,750 rpm or less

Determines ignition timing adding each correction to the idle spark advance

Cycle estimated zone

Engine operation except start zone and idle zone

Determines ignition timing adding each correction to the basic spark advance

Control zone	Control condition	Ignition method
Start zone	Engine speed is 500 rpm or less. When MAF sensor is damaged.	Fixed ignition
Idle zone	Fully-closed throttle valve when engine speed is the target idle speed + 1,750 rpm or less	Determines ignition timing adding each correction to the idle spark advance
Cycle estimated zone	Engine operation except start zone and idle zone	Determines ignition timing adding each correction to the basic spark advance

Ignition timing calculation method table

A: Ignition timing base, B: Correction for ignition timing

Contents		Calculation method or determination method for ignition timing, advance value and correction	Control zone
Contents
Fixed ignition		Fixed at BTDC approx. 10 ° CA	A
Cycle estimated ignition	Idle spark advance	Set value according to target speed and charging efficiency^*		A
Cycle estimated ignition	Basic spark advance	Set value according to engine speed and charging efficiency^*			A
Correction	Engine coolant temperature advance correction	Purpose: Ensures combustion stability when engine coolant temperature is low Except during idling • High charging efficiency^*, low engine coolant temperature→large correction		B	B
	Warm-up promotion spark retard correction	Purpose: Activates the catalytic converter earlier Approx. 50 s after engine start • According to engine coolant temperature→correction		B
	Feedback correction	Purpose: Ensures idling stability During idling (inhibited during test mode) • Large difference between actual engine speed and target engine speed→large correction • Small difference between actual engine speed and target engine speed→small correction		B
	EGR correction	Purpose: Prevents deviation of required ignition timing during EGR gas feed When EGR valve position is the specified value or more except during EGR valve initialization • According to engine speed and charging efficiency^*→correction			B
	Shift spark retard/ advance corrections (AT)	Purpose: Reduce shift shock during upshifting or manual downshifting. Determined according to torque reduction/increase request signals from the TCM. • Large torque reduction request during upshifting→large spark retard correction • Large torque increase request during manual downshifting→large spark advance correction			B
	Deceleration fuel cut recovery retard correction	Purpose: Reduces shock after recovery from deceleration fuel cut and during re-acceleration while in deceleration fuel cut Re-acceleration after recovery from deceleration fuel cut and while in deceleration fuel cut • Low engine coolant temperature→large correction		B	B
	Acceleration spark retard correction	Purpose: Prevents knocking and shock during sudden acceleration Acceleration when charging efficiency^* volume increase (acceleration amount) is specified value or more • High acceleration amount→high retard			B
	Standing start spark retard correction	Purpose: Prevents shock when vehicle accelerates from a standing start When vehicle accelerates from a standing start • According to engine speed, throttle valve opening angle, engine coolant temperature and intake air temperature→correction			B
	Knocking spark retard correction	Purpose: Knocking suppression When knocking is detected while driving under high load • Large amount of knocking→large correction			B

* :Charging efficiency is ratio of actual intake air amount to maximum air charging amount (mass volume) of cylinder. This value increases proportionately to the increase in engine load.