•  The torque sensor, installed on the pinion shaft, detects the amount of road surface resistance (steering torque) and the steering direction, and inputs a corresponding signal to the EPS control module.

•  The torsion bar within the pinion shaft is of double-construction with the steering shaft and steering gear sides joined together. Due to this, torsion forms on the torsion bar according to the steering force on the steering shaft side and the road surface resistance on the steering gear side. This torsion is converted to electrical signal based on variable inductance, and the amount of road surface resistance (steering torque) and the steering direction are detected.