Engine Control Module: Description and Operation

Powertrain Control Module (PCM):

PURPOSE:
The Electronic Control Module (ECM) is the control center of the fuel injection system. It constantly looks at the information from various sensors (inputs) and controls the systems (outputs) that affect vehicle performance. The ECM also performs the diagnostic function of the system. It can recognize operational problems, alert the driver through the "SERVICE ENGINE SOON" light, and store a code or codes which identify the problem areas to aid the technician in performing repairs.

OPERATION:
The computer is designed to process the various input information, and send the necessary electrical response to control fuel delivery, spark control, and other emission control systems. The computer can control these devices through the use of Quad Driver Modules (QDM). When the ECM is commanding a device or a component "ON," the voltage potential of the output is "LOW" or near zero volts. When the ECM is commanding a device or component "OFF," the voltage potential of the circuit will be "HIGH," or near 12 volts. The primary function of the QDM is to supply the ground for the component being controlled.

The input information has an interrelation between sensor output. If one of the input devices failed, such as the oxygen sensor, this could affect more than one of the systems controlled by the computer.

The computer has a learning ability which allows it to make corrections for minor variations in the fuel system to improve driveability. If the battery is disconnected to clear trouble codes or for repair, the learning process has to begin all over again, and a change may be noticed in the driving performance of the vehicle. To reset the vehicles learning ability, make sure the engine is at operating temperature and operate the vehicle at part throttle, moderate acceleration, and idle conditions, until normal performance returns.

A vehicle equipped with a 4-cylinder engine has an ECM referred to as GMP4 with two parts for service. A controller which is the ECM itself and a memory calibration unit called a MEM-CAL.