Compression Check: Testing and Inspection

The results of a cylinder compression pressure test can be utilized to diagnose several engine malfunctions.
Ensure the battery is completely charged and the engine starter motor is in good operating condition. Otherwise the indicated compression pressures may not be valid for diagnosis purposes.
1. Check engine oil level and add oil if necessary.
2. Drive the vehicle until engine reaches normal operating temperature. Select a route free from traffic and other forms of congestion, observe all traffic laws, and accelerate through the gears several times briskly.
3. Remove all spark plugs from engine. As spark plugs are being removed, check electrodes for abnormal firing indicators fouled, hot, oily, etc. Record cylinder number of spark plug for future reference.
4. Disconnect coil wire from distributor and secure to good ground to prevent a spark from starting a fire (Conventional Ignition System). For Direct Ignition System (DIS) disconnect the coil connector.
5. Be sure throttle blade is fully open during the compression check.
6. Insert compression gage adapter into the #1 spark plug hole in cylinder head. Crank engine until maximum pressure is reached on gage. Record this pressure as #1 cylinder pressure.
7. Repeat the previous step for all remaining cylinders.
8. Compression should not be less than (689 kPa) 100 psi and not vary more than 25 percent from cylinder to cylinder.
9. If one or more cylinders have abnormally low compression pressures, repeat the compression test.
10. If the same cylinder or cylinders repeat an abnormally low reading on the second compression test, it could indicate the existence of a problem in the cylinder in question. The recommended compression pressures are to be used only as a guide to diagnosing engine problems. An engine should not be disassembled to determine the cause of low compression unless some malfunction is present.
11. Clean or replace spark plugs as necessary and adjust gap as specified. Tighten to specifications.
12. Test resistance of spark plug cables.
13. Test coil output voltage, primary and secondary resistance. Replace parts as necessary.
14. Check fuel pump pressure at idle and different RPM ranges.
15. The air filter elements should be replaced as specified, Lubrication and Maintenance.
16. Inspect crankcase ventilation system.
17. Inspect and adjust accessory belt drives.
18. Road test vehicle as a final test.