Throttle Position Sensor: Description and Operation

Throttle Position (TP) Sensor





The throttle position (TP) sensor is a potentiometer connected to the throttle shaft on the throttle body. The PCM monitors the voltage on the signal line and calculates throttle position. As the throttle valve angle is changed (accelerator pedal moved), the TP sensor signal also changes. At a closed throttle position, the output of the TP sensor is about 0.25 volts. As the throttle valve opens, the output increases so that at wide open throttle (WOT), the output voltage should be about 4.75 volts.

The PCM calculates fuel delivery based on throttle valve angle (driver demand). A broken or loose TP sensor may cause intermittent bursts of fuel from an injector and unstable idle because the PCM thinks the throttle is moving.

A hard failure in the TP sensor 5-volt reference or signal circuits will set a DTC. A hard failure with the TP sensor ground circuit may set a DTC.

Once a DTC is set, the PCM will use an artificial default value based on engine RPM and mass air flow for the throttle position, and some vehicle performance will return.

A high idle may result when a DTC is set. The PCM can detect intermittent TP sensor faults. A DTC will set if an intermittent high or low circuit failure is being detected.