Operation CHARM: Car repair manuals for everyone.
Manuals through 2025 now available!

Our trusted friends have launched a new website named LEMON, which has newer manuals. It also contains all the CHARM manuals.

LEMON is the spiritual successor to CHARM, I recommend you try it!

Link: lemon-manuals.la or lemon-manuals.org.ua

(Some people have issue connecting. LEMON is investigating. For now, use Firefox or change your DNS server)

Or, hide this message: temporarily or permanently

Normal Braking






During normal (non anti-lock) braking, the solenoid valves are without current and closed due to spring force.
Brake fluid travels through the centre of the normally open isolation valve around the normally closed dump valve And on to the brake pistons.