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P2198





2GR-FE ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEM: SFI SYSTEM: P2195-P2198: Oxygen (A/F) Sensor Signal Stuck Lean (Bank 1 Sensor 1)


DESCRIPTION

HINT
- Although the DTC titles include oxygen sensor, these DTCs relate to the Air-Fuel Ratio (A/F) sensor.
- Sensor 1 refers to the sensor mounted in front of the Three-Way Catalytic Converter (TWC) and located near the engine assembly.

The A/F sensor generates voltage* that corresponds to the actual air-fuel ratio. This sensor voltage is used to provide the ECM with feedback so that it can control the air-fuel ratio. The ECM determines the deviation from the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio level, and regulates the fuel injection time. If the A/F sensor malfunctions, the ECM is unable to control the air-fuel ratio accurately.

The A/F sensor is the planar type and is integrated with the heater, which heats the solid electrolyte (zirconia element). This heater is controlled by the ECM. When the intake air volume is low (the exhaust gas temperature is low), a current flows into the heater to heat the sensor, in order to facilitate accurate oxygen concentration detection. In addition, the sensor and heater portions are narrower than the conventional type. The heat generated by the heater is conducted to the solid electrolyte through the alumina, therefore the sensor activation is accelerated.

A three-way catalytic converter (TWC) is used in order to convert the carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NOx) into less harmful substances. To allow the TWC to function effectively, it is necessary to keep the air-fuel ratio of the engine near the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio.

*: Value changes inside the ECM. Since the A/F sensor is the current output element, a current is converted to a voltage inside the ECM. Any measurements taken at the A/F sensor or ECM connectors will show a constant voltage.









HINT
- DTCs P2195 and P2196 indicate malfunctions related to the bank 1 A/F sensor circuit.
- DTCs P2197 and P2198 indicate malfunctions related to the bank 2 A/F sensor circuit.
- When any of these DTCs are set, check the A/F sensor output voltage by entering the following menus on the Techstream: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / AFS Voltage B1S1 or AFS Voltage B2S1.
- Short-term fuel trim values can also be read using the Techstream.
- The ECM regulates the voltages at the AF+ and AF- terminals of the ECM to a constant level. Therefore, the A/F sensor output voltage cannot be confirmed without using the Techstream.
- If an A/F sensor malfunction is detected, the ECM sets a DTC.

MONITOR DESCRIPTION

- Sensor voltage detection monitor

- Under the air-fuel ratio feedback control, if the A/F sensor output voltage indicates rich or lean for a certain period of time, the ECM determines that there is a malfunction in the A/F sensor. The ECM illuminates the MIL and sets a DTC.

- Example:

- If the A/F sensor voltage output is less than 2.8 V (very rich condition) and HO2 sensor output voltage is below 0.59 V for 5 seconds, the ECM sets DTC P2196 or P2198. Alternatively, if the A/F sensor output voltage is more than 3.8 V (very lean condition) and HO2 sensor output voltage is 0.21 V or more for 5 seconds, DTC P2195 or P2197 is set.

- Sensor current detection monitor

- A rich air-fuel mixture causes a low A/F sensor current, and a lean air-fuel mixture causes a high A/F sensor current. Therefore, the sensor output becomes low during acceleration, and it becomes high during deceleration with the throttle valve fully closed. The ECM monitors the A/F sensor current during fuel-cut and detects any abnormal current values.

- If the A/F sensor output is 3.6 mA or more for more than 3 seconds of cumulative time, the ECM interprets this as a malfunction in the A/F sensor and sets DTC P2195 or P2197 (high-side stuck). If the A/F sensor output is less than 1.4 mA for more than 3 seconds of cumulative time, the ECM sets DTC P2196 or P2198 (low-side stuck).





MONITOR STRATEGY





TYPICAL ENABLING CONDITIONS

All:





Sensor voltage detection monitor





Sensor current detection monitor





TYPICAL MALFUNCTION THRESHOLDS

Sensor voltage detection monitor (Lean side malfunction P2195, P2197):





Sensor voltage detection monitor (Rich side malfunction P2196, P2198):





Sensor current detection monitor (High side malfunction P2195, P2197):





Sensor current detection monitor (Low side malfunction P2196, P2198):





MONITOR RESULT

Refer to CHECKING MONITOR STATUS Mode 6 Data.

WIRING DIAGRAM





CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN

CAUTION:
Strictly observe posted speed limits, traffic laws, and road conditions when performing these drive patterns.

HINT
This confirmation driving pattern is used in the "Perform Confirmation Driving Pattern" procedure of the following diagnostic troubleshooting procedure.









1. Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

2. Turn the engine switch on (IG).

3. Turn the Techstream on.

4. Clear the DTCs (even if no DTCs are stored, perform the clear DTC procedure) Reading and Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes.

5. Turn the engine switch off and wait for 30 seconds.

6. Turn the engine switch on (IG) and turn the Techstream on.

7. Start the engine, and warm it up until the engine coolant temperature reaches 75°C (167°F) or higher [A].

8. On the Techstream, enter the following menus to check the fuel-cut status: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / All Data / Idle Fuel Cut.

9. Drive the vehicle at between 37 and 75 mph (60 and 120 km/h) for at least 10 minutes [B].

CAUTION:
When performing the confirmation driving pattern, obey all speed limits and traffic laws.

10. Change the transaxle to the 2nd gear [C].

11. Accelerate the vehicle to 40 mph (64 km/h) or more by depressing the accelerator pedal for at least 10 seconds [D].

12. Soon after performing step [D] above, release the accelerator pedal for at least 5 seconds without depressing the brake pedal in order to execute fuel-cut control [E].

HINT
Fuel-cut is performed when the following conditions are met:

- Accelerator pedal is fully released.
- Engine speed is 2500 rpm or more (fuel injection returns at 1000 rpm).

13. Allow the vehicle to decelerate until the vehicle speed decreases to less than 6 mph (10 km/h).

14. Repeat steps [C] through [E] above at least 3 times in one driving cycle.

15. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Trouble Codes / Pending.

16. Read the pending DTC [F].

17. If a pending DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning.

HINT
If a pending DTC is not output, perform the following procedure.

18. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Utility / All Readiness.

19. Input the DTC: P2195, P2196, P2197 or P2198.

20. Check the DTC judgment result.





HINT
- If the judgment result shows ABNORMAL, the system has a malfunction.
- If the judgment result shows NORMAL, the system is normal.
- If the judgment result shows INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN, perform steps [B] through [E].

21. Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Utility / All Readiness.

22. Check the judgment result.

HINT
- If the judgment result shows ABNORMAL, the system has a malfunction.
- If the judgment result shows NORMAL, the system is normal.

23. If the test result is INCOMPLETE or UNKNOWN and no pending DTC is output, perform a universal trip and check for permanent DTCs Reading and Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes.

HINT
- If a permanent DTC is output, the system is malfunctioning.
- If no permanent DTC is output, the system is normal.

INSPECTION PROCEDURE

HINT
Malfunctioning areas can be identified by performing the Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor function provided in the Active Test. The Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor function can help to determine whether the Air-fuel Ratio (A/F) sensor, Heated Oxygen (HO2) sensor and other potential trouble areas are malfunctioning.

The following instructions describe how to conduct the Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor operation using the Techstream.

1. Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

2. Start the engine and turn the Techstream on.

3. Warm up the engine at an engine speed of 2500 rpm for approximately 90 seconds.

4. On the Techstream, enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Active Test / Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor.

5. Perform the Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor operation with the engine in an idling condition (press the RIGHT or LEFT button to change the fuel injection volume).

6. Monitor the output voltages of the A/F and HO2 sensors (AFS Voltage B1S1 and O2S B1S2 or AFS Voltage B2S1 and O2S B2S2) displayed on the Techstream.

HINT
- The Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor operation lowers the fuel injection volume by 12.5 % or increases the injection volume by 25 %.
- Each sensor reacts in accordance with increases in the fuel injection volume.





NOTICE:
The Air-Fuel Ratio (A/F) sensor has an output delay of a few seconds and the HO2S (sensor 2) output has a maximum output delay of 20 seconds.





- Following the Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor procedure enables technicians to check and graph the voltage outputs of both the A/F and HO2 sensors.

- To display the graph, enter the following menus on the Techstream: Powertrain / Engine / Active Test / Control the Injection Volume for A/F Sensor / AFS Voltage B1S1 or AFS Voltage B2S1 and O2S B1S2 or O2S B2S2 then press the graph button on the Data List view.

HINT
- Read freeze frame data using the Techstream. The ECM records vehicle and driving condition information as freeze frame data the moment a DTC is stored. When troubleshooting, freeze frame data can be helpful in determining whether the vehicle was running or stopped, whether the engine was warmed up or not, whether the air-fuel ratio was lean or rich, as well as other data recorded at the time of a malfunction Freeze Frame Data.
- A low A/F sensor voltage could be caused by a rich air-fuel mixture. Check for conditions that would cause the engine to run rich.
- A high A/F sensor voltage could be caused by a lean air-fuel mixture. Check for conditions that would cause the engine to run lean.
- Bank 1 refers to the bank that includes the No. 1 cylinder*.
- *: The No. 1 cylinder is the cylinder which is farthest from the transaxle.
- Bank 2 refers to the bank that does not include the No. 1 cylinder.
- Sensor 1 refers to the sensor closest to the engine assembly.
- Sensor 2 refers to the sensor farthest away from the engine assembly.

PROCEDURE

1. CHECK ANY OTHER DTCs OUTPUT (IN ADDITION TO P2195, P2196, 2197 OR P2198)

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the engine switch on (IG).

(c) Turn the Techstream on.

(d) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Trouble Codes.

(e) Read the DTCs.

Result:





HINT
If any DTCs relating to the A/F sensor (DTCs for the A/F sensor heater or A/F sensor admittance) are output, troubleshoot those DTCs first.

B -- GO TO DTC CHART SFI System
A -- Continue to next step.

2. READ VALUE USING TECHSTREAM (TEST VALUE OF A/F SENSOR)

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the engine switch on (IG).

(c) Turn the Techstream on.

(d) Clear the DTCs Reading and Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes.

(e) Drive the vehicle in accordance with the drive pattern described in the Confirmation Driving Pattern.

(f) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Monitor / Current Monitor / O2 Sensor / Current.

(g) Check that the status of O2 Sensor is Complete.

If the status is still Incomplete, perform the drive pattern increasing the vehicle speed and using the second gear to decelerate the vehicle.

(h) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Monitor / Current Monitor / O2 Sensor / Details / RANGE B1S1 or RANGE B2S1.

(i) Check the test value of the A/F sensor output current during fuel-cut.

Result:





B -- REPLACE AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR
A -- Continue to next step.

3. READ VALUE USING TECHSTREAM (OUTPUT VOLTAGE OF A/F SENSOR)

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Start the engine.

(c) Turn the Techstream on.

(d) Warm up the A/F sensor at an engine speed of 2500 rpm for 90 seconds.

(e) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Data List / All Data / AFS Voltage B1S1 or AFS Voltage B2S1 and Engine Speed, then press the Record button.

(f) Check the A/F sensor voltage three times, when the engine is in each of the following conditions:

(1) While idling (check for at least 30 seconds) (Condition "A").

(2) At an engine speed of approximately 2500 rpm (without any sudden changes in engine speed) (Condition "B").

(3) Raise the engine speed to 4000 rpm and then quickly release the accelerator pedal so that the throttle valve is fully closed (Condition "C").

Standard:





HINT
For more information, see the diagrams below.





HINT
- If the output voltage of the A/F sensor remains at approximately 3.3 V (see Malfunction Condition diagram) under any conditions, including those above, the A/F sensor may have an open circuit. (This will also happen if the A/F sensor heater has an open circuit.)
- If the output voltage of the A/F sensor remains at either approximately 3.8 V or more, or 2.8 V or less (see Malfunction Condition diagram) under any conditions, including those above, the A/F sensor may have a short circuit.
- The ECM stops fuel injection (fuel cut) during engine deceleration. This causes a lean condition and results in a momentary increase in the A/F sensor output voltage.
- When the vehicle is driven:
- The output voltage of the A/F sensor may be below 2.8 V during fuel enrichment. For the vehicle, this translates to a sudden increase in speed with the accelerator pedal fully depressed when trying to overtake another vehicle. The A/F sensor is functioning normally.
- The A/F sensor is a current output element; therefore, the current is converted into a voltage inside the ECM. Measuring the voltage at the connectors of the A/F sensor or ECM will show a constant voltage result.

NG -- INSPECT AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR (HEATER RESISTANCE)
OK -- Continue to next step.

4. PERFORM CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the engine switch on (IG).

(c) Turn the Techstream on.

(d) Clear the DTCs Reading and Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes.

(e) Turn the engine switch off and wait for 30 seconds.

(f) Turn the engine switch on (IG) and turn the Techstream on.

(g) Start the engine and warm it up.

(h) Drive the vehicle in accordance with the drive pattern described in the Confirmation Driving Pattern.

NEXT -- Continue to next step.

5. CHECK WHETHER DTC OUTPUT RECURS (DTC P2195, P2196, P2197 OR P2198)

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the engine switch on (IG).

(c) Turn the Techstream on.

(d) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Utility / All Readiness.

(e) Input the DTC: P2195, P2196, P2197 or P2198.

(f) Check the DTC judgment result.

Result:





B -- CONFIRM IF VEHICLE HAS RUN OUT OF FUEL IN PAST
A -- Continue to next step.

6. REPLACE AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR

(a) Replace the air fuel ratio sensor Removal.

NEXT -- Continue to next step.

7. PERFORM CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the engine switch on (IG).

(c) Turn the Techstream on.

(d) Clear the DTCs Reading and Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes.

(e) Turn the engine switch off and wait for 30 seconds.

(f) Turn the engine switch on (IG) and turn the Techstream on.

(g) Start the engine and warm it up.

(h) Drive the vehicle in accordance with the drive pattern described in the Confirmation Driving Pattern.

NEXT -- Continue to next step.

8. CHECK WHETHER DTC OUTPUT RECURS (DTC P2195, P2196, P2197 OR P2198)

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the engine switch on (IG).

(c) Turn the Techstream on.

(d) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Utility / All Readiness.

(e) Input the DTC: P2195, P2196, P2197 or P2198.

(f) Check the DTC judgment result.

Result:





B -- REPLACE ECM Removal

A -- END

9. CONFIRM IF VEHICLE HAS RUN OUT OF FUEL IN PAST

(a) Has the vehicle run out of fuel in the past?

NO -- CHECK FOR INTERMITTENT PROBLEMS Check For Intermittent Problems

YES -- DTC CAUSED BY RUNNING OUT OF FUEL

10. INSPECT AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR (HEATER RESISTANCE) P0031

NG -- REPLACE AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR Removal
OK -- Continue to next step.

11. CHECK HARNESS AND CONNECTOR (A/F SENSOR - ECM)

(a) Disconnect the B3 and B4 A/F sensor connectors.





(b) Turn the engine switch on (IG).

(c) Measure the voltage according to the value(s) in the table below.

Standard voltage:





(d) Turn the engine switch off.

(e) Disconnect the B12 ECM connector.

(f) Measure the resistance according to the value(s) in the table below.

Standard resistance (Check for open):





Standard resistance (Check for short):





(g) Reconnect the ECM connector.

(h) Reconnect the A/F sensor connectors.





NG -- REPAIR OR REPLACE HARNESS OR CONNECTOR
OK -- Continue to next step.

12. CHECK AIR INDUCTION SYSTEM

(a) Check the air induction system for vacuum leakage.

OK:

No leakage from air induction system.

NG -- REPAIR OR REPLACE AIR INDUCTION SYSTEM
OK -- Continue to next step.

13. CHECK FUEL PRESSURE

(a) Check the fuel pressure Fuel System.

NG -- REPAIR OR REPLACE FUEL SYSTEM
OK -- Continue to next step.

14. INSPECT FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY

(a) Check the injector injection (whether fuel volume is high or low, and whether injection pattern is poor) Testing and Inspection.

NG -- REPLACE FUEL INJECTOR ASSEMBLY Removal
OK -- Continue to next step.

15. REPLACE AIR FUEL RATIO SENSOR

(a) Replace the air fuel ratio sensor Removal.

NEXT -- Continue to next step.

16. PERFORM CONFIRMATION DRIVING PATTERN

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the engine switch on (IG).

(c) Turn the Techstream on.

(d) Clear the DTCs Reading and Clearing Diagnostic Trouble Codes.

(e) Turn the engine switch off and wait for 30 seconds.

(f) Turn the engine switch on (IG) and turn the Techstream on.

(g) Start the engine and warm it up.

(h) Drive the vehicle in accordance with the drive pattern described in the Confirmation Driving Pattern.

NEXT -- Continue to next step.

17. CHECK WHETHER DTC OUTPUT RECURS (DTC P2195, P2196, P2197 OR P2198)

(a) Connect the Techstream to the DLC3.

(b) Turn the engine switch on (IG).

(c) Turn the Techstream on.

(d) Enter the following menus: Powertrain / Engine / Utility / All Readiness.

(e) Input the DTC: P2195, P2196, P2197 or P2198.

(f) Check the DTC judgment result.

Result:





B -- REPLACE ECM Removal

A -- END
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