Fuel Injection

NOTE: The Powertrain Control Module (PCM) constantly monitors input devices for malfunctions. However, it only checks for output device faults during a three second period after the ignition is switched "ON" and test connector (green, 1 pin) is grounded. The Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL) will only display trouble codes on California specification vehicles.

The PCM is a computer that judges air/fuel ratio as rich or lean according to a voltage signal generated by an oxygen sensor. Based on oxygen sensor and other input data, the PCM generates a controlling signal to the fuel injectors that regulates "ON" time. Because fuel pressure remains constant, the PCM controls air/fuel ratio adjustments by varying injector "ON" time.

To provide a margin of safety by maintaining driveability in the event of certain system failures, the PCM has a fail-safe mode of preprogrammed values. The output of the PCM will automatically switch to fail-safe mode if a fault is detected in any of these components and/or systems:

^ Airflow sensor
^ Barometric absolute pressure sensor
^ Feedback system
^ Intake air temperature sensor
^ Oxygen sensor
^ Throttle position sensor
^ Engine coolant temperature sensor

The PCM incorporates self-diagnostic capability monitored via the MIL. When the system detects a fault in a monitored component and/or circuit, the lamp will light and stay on (while the engine is running). To extract codes, the technician can either use a "Scan" tool or cause the MIL to display codes by grounding the test connector (green, 1 pin) in the engine compartment.