Component Tests
Component TestsBlower Motor Resistor:
Blower Motor Resistor
Heater Core
Heater Core:
The heater core consists of fins and tubes arranged to extract heat from the engine coolant and transfer the heat to air passing through the heater core housing.
WARNING: Carbon monoxide is colorless, odorless and dangerous. If it is necessary to operate the engine with the vehicle in a closed area such as a garage, always use an exhaust collector to vent the exhaust gases outside the closed area.
NOTE: Testing of returned heater cores reveals that a large percentage of heater cores were good and did not require replacement. If a heater core leak is suspected, the heater core must be tested by carrying out the plugged heater core component test before the heater core pressure test. Carry out a system inspection by checking the heater system thoroughly as follows:
1. Inspect for evidence of coolant leakage at the heater water hose to heater core attachments. A coolant leak in the heater water hose could follow the heater core tube to the heater core and appear as a leak in the heater core.
NOTE: Spring-type clamps are installed as original equipment. Installation and overtightening of non-specification clamps can cause leakage at the heater water hose connection and damage the heater core.
2. Check the integrity of the heater water hose clamps. Heater Core - Plugged.
WARNING: The heater core inlet hose will become too hot to handle if the system is working correctly.
3. Check to see that the engine coolant is at the correct level.
4. Start the engine and turn on the heater.
5. When the engine coolant reaches operating temperature, feel the heater core inlet and outlet hose to see if they are hot.
If the inlet hose is not hot:
- the heater control valve may be stuck closed.
- the thermostat is not working correctly.
If the outlet hose is not hot:
- the heater core may have an air pocket.
- the heater core may be restricted or plugged.
Heater Core - Pressure Test
Use the Pressure Tester to carry out the pressure test.
NOTE: Due to space limitations, a bench test may be necessary for pressure testing.
6. Clamp off the heater hoses.
7. Disconnect the heater water hoses from the heater core.
8. Install a short piece of heater water hose, approximately 101 mm (4 inches) long on each heater core tube.
9. Fill the heater core and heater water hoses with water and install. Plug BT-7422-B and adapter BT-7422-A from the Pressure Tester in the heater water hose ends. Secure the neater water hoses, plug and adapter with hose clamps.
10. Attach the pump and gauge assembly from the Pressure Tester to the adapter.
11. Close the bleed valve at the base of the gauge Pump 138 kPa (20 psi) of air pressure into the heater core.
12. Observe the pressure gauge for a minimum of three minutes.
13. If the pressure drops, check the heater water hose connections to the core tubes for leaks If the heater water hoses do not leak remove the heater core from the vehicle and perform the bench test.
Heater Core - Bench Test
14. Remove the heater core from the vehicle. See HEATER CORE.
15. Drain all of the coolant from the heater core.
16. Connect the 101 mm (4 inch) test heater water hoses with plug and adapter to the core tubes. Then connect the Pressure Tester to the adapter.
17. Apply 138 kPa (20 psi) of air pressure to the heater core. Submerge the heater core in water.
18. If a leak is observed, install a new heater core.
A/C Evaporator/Condenser Core - On Vehicle Leak Test
19. Recover the refrigerant. See DISCHARGING AND RECOVERY.
NOTE: DO NOT leak test an A/C evaporator core with the suction accumulator/drier attached to the core tubes.
20. Disconnect the suspect A/C evaporator core or A/C condenser core from the A/C system. See EVAPORATOR CORE or see CONDENSER CORE.
21. Clean the spring lock couplings. See SPRING LOCK COUPLING.
22. Connect the appropriate test fittings from the R-12/R-134a Air Conditioning Test Fitting Set to the evaporator or condenser tube connections.
NOTE: The automatic shut-off valves on some gauge set hoses do not open when connected to the test fittings. If available, use hoses without shut-off valves. If hoses with shut-off valves are used make sure the valve opens when attached to the test fittings or install an adapter which will activate the valve. The test is not valid if the shut-off valve does not open.
23. Connect the red and blue hoses from the R 134a gauge set to the test fittings on the A/C evaporator core or A/C condenser core Connect the yellow hose to a known good vacuum pump.
24. Open both gauge set valves and start the vacuum pump. Allow the vacuum pump to operate for a minimum of 45 minutes after the gauge set low pressure gauge indicates 101 kPa (30 in-Hg). The 45 minute evacuation is necessary to remove any refrigerant from oil left in the A/C evaporator core or A/C condenser core. If the refrigerant is not completely removed from the oil, outgassing will degrade the vacuum and appear as a refrigerant leak.
25. If the low pressure gauge reading will not drop to 101 kPa (30 in-Hg) when the valves on the gauge and manifold set are open and the vacuum pump is operating, close the gauge set valves and observe the low pressure gauge. If the pressure rises rapidly to zero, a large leak is indicated. Recheck the test fitting connections and gauge set connections before installing a new A/C evaporator core or A/C condenser core.
26. After evacuating for 45 minutes, close the gauge set valves and stop the vacuum pump Observe the low pressure gauge, it should remain at the 101 kPa (30 in-Hg) mark.
1. If the low pressure gauge reading rises 34 or more kPa (10 or more in-Hg) of vacuum from the 101 kPa (30 in-Hg) position in 10 minutes, a leak is indicated.
2. If a very small leak is suspected wait 30 minutes and observe the vacuum gauge.
3. If a small amount of vacuum is lost, operate the vacuum pump with gauge valves open for an additional 30 minutes to remove any remaining refrigerant from the oil in the A/C evaporator core or A/C condenser core. Then recheck for loss of vacuum
4. If a very small leak is suspected, allow the system to set overnight with vacuum applied and check for vacuum loss.
27. If the A/C evaporator core or A/C condenser core does leak, as verified by the above procedure, install a new A/C evaporator core or A/C condenser core. See EVAPORATOR CORE HOUSING, or see CONDENSER CORE.
A/C Compressor - External Leak Test
28. Install the A/C Pressure Test Adapter on the rear head of the A/C compressor, using the existing manifold retaining bolt.
29. Connect the high and low pressure lines of a manifold gauge set or a refrigerant recovery/recycling station such as the R-134a A/C Service Center to the corresponding fittings on the A/C Pressure Test Adapter.
30. Attach the center hose of the manifold gauge set to a refrigerant container standing in an upright position.
31. Hand-rotate the compressor shaft 10 complete revolutions to distribute the oil inside the A/C compressor.
32. Open the low pressure gauge valve, the high pressure gauge valve and the valve on the refrigerant container to allow the refrigerant vapor to flow into the A/C compressor.
33. Using the Refrigerant Leak Detector, check the entire A/C compressor for leaks.
34. If an external leak is found, install a new A/C compressor.
35. When the leak test is complete, recover the refrigerant from the compressor.