i-ELOOP [i-ELOOP]
id131704500000
Outline
• For improved fuel economy, electrical power is generated using kinetic energy during deceleration and retrieved as electrical energy, which decreases the amount of fuel used for supplying power.
• i-ELOOP is a Mazda-unique regenerative braking system*1 that generates and stores electrical energy during deceleration. Through efficient energy regeneration, storage, and usage, fuel economy improvement is achieved while driving.
*1 :The regenerative braking system is a mechanism for converting kinetic energy during deceleration to electrical energy and storing it for reuse. The electricity stored from the regenerative braking is re-used as power for electrical devices such as the A/C and audio, which decreases the fuel consumption amount required by the engine to supply power.
Structural View
• i-ELOOP consists mainly of the following parts.
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Capacitor (i-ELOOP)
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DC-DC converter (i-ELOOP)
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Generator
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System Wiring Diagram
*1 :Audio unit (without center display), tuner and amp unit (with center display), parking assist unit (with parking sensor system), climate control unit (full-auto A/C (dual type)), auto light sensor/humidity sensor/rain sensor, instrument cluster, indicator unit, Bluetooth unit (with Bluetooth® unit), commander switch (with Bluetooth® unit), audio amplifier (Bose® type audio)
*2 :Electrical devices other than electrical device*1
*3 :SKYACTIV-G 1.5, SKYACTIV-G 2.0
*4 :SKYACTIV-D 2.2
Operation
• The operation aspect of i-ELOOP is as follows.
• The i-ELOOP operation mode varies depending on the vehicle driving conditions and the conditions of i-ELOOP-related parts.
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Condition
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Operation mode
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Reference
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Regeneration, storage
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1.Regenerative braking mode
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2. Conventional power generation mode (no regenerative braking)
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Use
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3. Capacitor (i-ELOOP) power supply mode
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4. Battery power supply mode
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5. i-stop mode
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6. By-pass mode
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Other mode
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7. Pre-charge mode
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8. Capacitor (i-ELOOP) power generation mode
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1. Regenerative braking mode
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Purpose
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• During deceleration, fuel economy is improved by the generator producing electricity.
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Operation condition
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• During fuel-cut by release of accelerator pedal and TCC engagement
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Operation content
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• Generator operates at full capacity and stores electricity in the Capacitor (i-ELOOP). The voltage stored in the Capacitor (i-ELOOP) is lowered by the DC-DC converter (i-ELOOP) and electrical power is supplied to the vehicle electrical devices.
*1 :Audio unit (without center display), tuner and amp unit (with center display), parking assist unit (with parking sensor system), climate control unit (full-auto A/C (dual type)), auto light sensor/humidity sensor/rain sensor, instrument cluster, indicator unit, Bluetooth unit (with Bluetooth® unit), commander switch (with Bluetooth® unit), audio amplifier (Bose® type audio)
*2 :Electrical devices other than electrical device*1
2. Conventional power generation mode (no regenerative braking)
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Purpose
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• During constant/acceleration travel, battery stability is maintained by the power generated by the generator.
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Operation condition
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• During engine rotation, battery voltage is certain value or less
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Operation content
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• Generator operates and 12 to 24.3 V of electrical power is stored in the Capacitor (i-ELOOP). The voltage stored in the Capacitor (i-ELOOP) is lowered by the DC-DC converter (i-ELOOP) and electrical power is supplied to the vehicle electrical devices. (Compared to regenerative braking mode, amount of power generated by generator is low.)
*1 :Audio unit (without center display), tuner and amp unit (with center display), parking assist unit (with parking sensor system), climate control unit (full-auto A/C (dual type)), auto light sensor/humidity sensor/rain sensor, instrument cluster, indicator unit, Bluetooth unit (with Bluetooth® unit), commander switch (with Bluetooth® unit), audio amplifier (Bose® type audio)
*2 :Electrical devices other than electrical device*1
3. Capacitor (i-ELOOP) power supply mode
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Purpose
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• Electrical power is supplied to vehicle electrical devices from the Capacitor (i-ELOOP).
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Operation condition
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• Capacitor (i-ELOOP) voltage exceeds battery voltage.
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Operation content
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• The voltage stored in the Capacitor (i-ELOOP) is lowered by the DC-DC converter (i-ELOOP) and electrical power is supplied to vehicle electrical devices.
*1 :Audio unit (without center display), tuner and amp unit (with center display), parking assist unit (with parking sensor system), climate control unit (full-auto A/C (dual type)), auto light sensor/humidity sensor/rain sensor, instrument cluster, indicator unit, Bluetooth unit (with Bluetooth® unit), commander switch (with Bluetooth® unit), audio amplifier (Bose® type audio)
*2 :Electrical devices other than electrical device*1
4. Battery power supply mode
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Purpose
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• Electrical power is supplied to vehicle electrical devices from the battery.
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Operation condition
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• Capacitor (i-ELOOP) voltage certain value or less, or during cranking.
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Operation content
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• The same as on contemporary vehicles, electrical power is supplied to vehicle electrical devices from the battery.
*1 :Audio unit (without center display), tuner and amp unit (with center display), parking assist unit (with parking sensor system), climate control unit (full-auto A/C (dual type)), auto light sensor/humidity sensor/rain sensor, instrument cluster, indicator unit, Bluetooth unit (with Bluetooth® unit), commander switch (with Bluetooth® unit), audio amplifier (Bose® type audio)
*2 :Electrical devices other than electrical device*1
5. i-stop mode (Engine restart)
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Purpose
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• During engine restarting using i-stop, the power supply source is divided between the battery and Capacitor (i-ELOOP) to assure a supply of power to the vehicle’s electrical devices.
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Operation condition
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• Engine restarting by i-stop
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Operation content
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• The i-stop relay in the DC-DC converter turns off and electrical power from the Capacitor (i-ELOOP) for the battery in which the voltage has decreased by engine cranking is not supplied. As a result, mainly the battery supplies electrical power for the starter, enabling the Capacitor (i-ELOOP) to supply electrical power stable to the vehicle’s electrical devices.
*1 :Audio unit (without center display), tuner and amp unit (with center display), parking assist unit (with parking sensor system), climate control unit (full-auto A/C (dual type)), auto light sensor/humidity sensor/rain sensor, instrument cluster, indicator unit, Bluetooth unit (with Bluetooth® unit), commander switch (with Bluetooth® unit), audio amplifier (Bose® type audio)
*2 :Electrical devices other than electrical device*1
6. By-pass mode
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Note
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• During by-pass mode, verification is not possible using the instrument cluster indication.
• If high-capacity audio or additional electrical devices are connected, the by-pass mode may operate frequently due to the increase in the vehicle electrical load.
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Purpose
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• If vehicle electrical load (consumption current) exceeds 50A or more, a bypass relay within the DC-DC converter (i-ELOOP) is energized to supply power generated by the generator directly to the vehicle electrical devices.
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Operation condition
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• Bypass mode is operating due to the following conditions:
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― Vehicle electric load (current consumption) is 50 A or more
― Voltage reduction circuit in DC-DC converter (i-ELOOP) is malfunctioning
― Battery charge condition is less than 65%
― During DPF regeneration control (SKYACTIV-D 2.2)
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Operation content
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• Turns the bypass relay in the DC-DC converter (i-ELOOP) on and the power generated by the generator is also supplied directly to the vehicle’s electrical devices.At this time, the amount of power generated by the generator is suppressed so that power can be supplied directly to the vehicle’s electrical devices.
*1 :Audio unit (without center display), tuner and amp unit (with center display), parking assist unit (with parking sensor system), climate control unit (full-auto A/C (dual type)), auto light sensor/humidity sensor/rain sensor, instrument cluster, indicator unit, Bluetooth unit (with Bluetooth® unit), commander switch (with Bluetooth® unit), audio amplifier (Bose® type audio)
*2 :Electrical devices other than electrical device*1
7. Pre-charge mode
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Note
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• If the Capacitor (i-ELOOP) continues to self-discharge (vehicle left for long periods with engine not started)/excess back-up current consumption, the pre-charge mode may operate due to the decrease in Capacitor (i-ELOOP) voltage.
• If the vehicle is jump started, leave the jumper connected until the warning message is no longer displayed.
• If vehicle is driven while the warning is displayed, a warning sound will be heard and power steering assist will be limited.
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Purpose
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• The Capacitor (i-ELOOP) charges for the following two reasons.
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― If the Capacitor (i-ELOOP) voltage is low, the excitation current to the generator lowers and the generator may not be able to generate power.
― To supply power to the battery from the Capacitor (i-ELOOP), a higher electrical load than the battery is required.
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Operation condition
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• If the Capacitor (i-ELOOP) voltage is a certain value or less (stops operation when Capacitor (i-ELOOP) voltage reaches certain value or more.)
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Operation content
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• Depending on each type of condition, the method for charging the Capacitor (i-ELOOP) varies.
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Condition
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Power supply method
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Instrument cluster display
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Negative battery cable is connected
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Power supplied from battery to Capacitor (i-ELOOP)
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Not applicable
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Ignition switched ON (engine off) while engine is stopped
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Power supplied from battery to Capacitor (i-ELOOP)
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Not applicable
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Engine is started
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Power supplied from generator to Capacitor (i-ELOOP)
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Applicable
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*1 :Audio unit (without center display), tuner and amp unit (with center display), parking assist unit (with parking sensor system), climate control unit (full-auto A/C (dual type)), auto light sensor/humidity sensor/rain sensor, instrument cluster, indicator unit, Bluetooth unit (with Bluetooth® unit), commander switch (with Bluetooth® unit), audio amplifier (Bose® type audio)
*2 :Electrical devices other than electrical device*1
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• The PCM sends an i-ELOOP indicator light flash request to the instrument cluster during capacitor pre-charge when the engine is started.
• If the vehicle is driven with the i-ELOOP indicator light flashing, the PCM sends an i-ELOOP warning alarm operation request to the instrument cluster.
8. Capacitor (i-ELOOP) power generation mode
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Purpose
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• Surplus power stored in the Capacitor (i-ELOOP) charges the battery.
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Operation condition
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• With ignition switched off and hood closed, Capacitor (i-ELOOP) voltage is certain voltage or more.
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Operation content
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• During normal operation, extra voltage from the capacitor is used to charge the battery. If the battery voltage is high and power cannot be supplied from the capacitor to the battery, capacitor voltage flows to the ground side.
Normal operation
When power cannot be supplied to battery
*1 :Audio unit (without center display), tuner and amp unit (with center display), parking assist unit (with parking sensor system), climate control unit (full-auto A/C (dual type)), auto light sensor/humidity sensor/rain sensor, instrument cluster, indicator unit, Bluetooth unit (with Bluetooth® unit), commander switch (with Bluetooth® unit), audio amplifier (Bose® type audio)
*2 :Electrical devices other than electrical device*1
• The following are examples of the i-ELOOP operation in each mode.
i-ELOOP operation status
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Without center display
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• The i-ELOOP operation status can be determined by the illumination/flashing of the i-ELOOP indicator light.
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With center display
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• The i-ELOOP operation status can be determined using the center display.
