Power Flow In the Gears

4-speed transmission
1. Impeller
2. Turbine wheel
3. Reactor
4. Torque converter freewheel
5. Input shaft
6. Stator shaft
10. Brake band B1
12. Ravigneaux planet gear set
15. Brake brand B2
18. Rear planet gear set
20. Output shaft
28. Clutch K2
29. Freewheel F1
30. Multiple-disc brake B2
31. Clutch K1

1st Gear
In 1st gear the brake band B2 (15) is applied and the freewheel F1 (29) locked. In selector lever position "2" the clutch K2 (28) is additionally shifted to engagement for power transmission.
Both groups of the planetary gear train are involved in gear reduction.

Front Group: Ravigneaux Gear Set
The annulus of the Ravigneaux planet gear set is held stationary at brake band B2 through the freewheel F1 which locks in the reverse direction of rotation.
The input shaft drives the wide planet gears of the Ravigneaux gear set through the large sunwheel. The planet gears orbit in the locked annulus and rotate the planet carrier in the same direction.

Rear Group: Single Planet Gear Set
The sunwheel of the rear planet gear set is locked by brake band B2. The planet carrier of the Ravigneaux planet gear set is locked to the annulus of the rear planet gear set.
The annulus of the rear planet gear set is driven with the Output speed of the front group. The planet gears orbit around the locked sunwheel and rotate the planet carrier of the rear gear set arid the output shalt in the same direction.
The partial gear reductions of the Ravigneaux planet gear set (i11) and of the single planet gear set (i21) result if, by multiplication, in the total reduction of the 1st gear (i1).

i11 = 1st partial reduction of front group
i21 = 1st partial reduction of rear group
i1 = total reduction of 1st gear

i1 = i11 X i21

The freewheel F1 is locked-up by engaging clutch K2. When selector lever is in position "2", this enables the braking action of the engine to also be utilized in 1st gear.





2nd Gear
In 2nd gear the brake bands B1 (10) and B2 (15) are applied.
Both groups of the planetary gear train are involved in the gear reduction.

Front Group: Ravigneaux Planet Gear Set
Brake band B1 locks the small sunwheel (7) of the Ravigneaux planet gear set. The input shaft drives the wide planet gears of the Ravigneaux planet gear set through the large sunwheel (4).
Driven by the wide planet gears (3), the narrow planet gears (2) orbit around the locked small sunwheel (7) and rotate the planet carrier (6) of the Ravigneaux planet gear set in the driving direction of rotation.
The annulus (1) of the Ravigneaux planet gear set runs without load in the driving direction of rotation without the freewheel F1 being engaged for power transmission (freewheeling state).

Rear Group: Single Planet Gear Set
The power flow in the rear planet set corresponds to that in 1st gear.

i12 = 2nd partial gear reduction, front group
i21 = 1st partial gear reduction, rear group
i21 = total gear reduction, 2nd gear

i2 = i12 X i21

3rd Gear
In 3rd gear the brake band B2 (15) is applied and the clutch K1 (31) is shifted to engagement for power transmission.
Only the rear group is involved in the gear reduction.

Front Group: Ravigneaux Planet Gear Set
By engaging clutch K1, the small sunwheel of the Ravigneaux planet gear set is locked to the planet carrier. The other components of the Ravigneaux planet gear Set are thus also blocked.

Partial gear reduction i13 = 1

Roar Group: Single Planet Gear Set
The annulus of the rear planet gear set is driven at driving speed. The power flow in the rear planet gear set corresponds to that in 1st and 2nd gear.

i13 = 3rd partial reduction, front group
i21 = 1st partial reduction, rear group
i3 = total reduction, 2nd gear
i3 = i13 x i21

4th Gear
In 4th gear the clutches K1 (31) and K2 (28) are shifted to engagement for power transmission.
Both groups of the planetary gear train rotate as a locked unit.

Front Group: Ravigneaux Planet Gear Set
The Ravigneaux planet gear set is locked by clutch K1 and rotates with the 3rd partial gear reduction i13 = 1.

Rear Group: Single Planet Gear Set
By engaging clutch K2, the sunwheel of the rear planet gear set is locked by the Ravigneaux planet gear set to the annulus of the rear planet gear set. The rear planet gear set is thus blocked and rotates with the 2nd partial gear reduction i22 = 1.

i13 = 3rd partial reduction, front group
i22 = 2nd partial reduction, rear group
i4 = total reduction, 4th gear
i4 = i13 X i22 = 1 x 1 = 1

Reverse Gear
In reverse gear the multiple-disc brake B3 (30) is applied, the freewheel F1 (29) is locked and the clutch K2 (28) shifted to engagement for power transmission.
Both groups of the planetary gear train are involved in the gear reduction.

Front Group: Ravigneaux Planet Gear Set
The planet carriers of the Ravigneaux planet gear set and the connected annulus of the rear planet gear set are locked by the multi-disc brake B3.
The input shaft drives the wide planet gears of the Ravigneaux planet gear set through the large sunwheel. With the planet carrier locked. the direction of rotation of the annulus is reversed.

Rear Group: Single Planet Gear Set
The reversing annulus of the Ravigneaux planet gear set drives the sunwheel of the rear planet gear set via the freewheel F1, which locks in the opposite direction. The planet gears of the rear gear set orbit around the locked annulus and drive the planet carrier and thus also the output shalt in the reverse direction of rotation.

i1R = partial reduction, front group in reverse gear
i23 = 3rd partial reduction, rear group
iR = total reduction, reverse gear
iR= i1R X i23

Clutch K2 locks up the freewheel F1 which ensures that power flow is retained also when decelerating.





5-speed transmission

5. Input shaft
10. Brake band B1
12. Ravigneaux planet gear set
13. Middle planet gear set
15. Brake band B2
16. Intermediate shaft
18. Rear planet gear set
20. Output shaft
24. Freewheel F2
25. Clutch KS
26. Brake BS
28. Clutch K2
29. Freewheel
30. Multiple-disc brake B3
31. Clutch K1

1st Gear
In 1st gear the brake band B2 (15) is applied and clutch KS (25) is shifted to engagement for power transmission. The freewheels F1(29) and F2 (24) are locked.
In selector lever position 2 clutch K2 (28) is additionally switched to engagement for power transmission.
The front and the middle groups of the planetary gear train are involved in the gear reduction.

Front Group: Ravigneaux Planet Gear Set
The annulus of the Ravigneaux planet gear set is locked at the brake band B2 by the freewheel F1 which locks in the reverse direction of rotation.
The input shaft drives the wide planet gears of the Ravigneaux gear set via the large sunwheel. The planet gears orbit in the locked annulus and rotate the planet carrier in the same direction.

Middle Group: Single Planet Gear Set
The sunwheel of the middle planet gear set is locked by brake band B2. The planet carrier of the Ravigneaux planet gear set is locked to the annulus of the middle planet gear set.
The annulus of the middle planet gear set is driven at the output speed of the front group. The planet gears orbit around the locked sunwheel and rotate the planet carrier of the middle planet gear set and the output shaft in the same direction of rotation.

Rear Group: Single Planet Gear Set
The rear planet gear set is blocked by the freewheel F2 which locks in the direction of rotation, and rotates at the 1st partial reduction i31 = 1.
The sunwheel is locked to the annulus by engaging clutch KS. The result is that the power flow is also retained when decelerating.
The partial reductions of the Ravigneaux planet gear set (i11) and of the single planet gear sets (i21) (i31) produce, by multiplication, the total reduction of the 1st gear (i1).

i11 = 1st partial reduction, front group
i21 = 1st partial reduction, middle group
i31 = 1st partial reduction, rear group
i1 = total reduction, 1st gear
i1 = i11 X i21 X i31

The freewheel F1 is locked up by engaging clutch K2. In selector lever position "2" it is thus possible to utilize the braking action of the engine also in 1st gear.





2nd Gear
In 2nd gear the brake bands B1 (10) end B2 (15) are applied. The clutch KS (25) is engaged for power transmission and the freewheel F2 (24) is locked.
The front and the middle groups of the planetary gear train are involved in the gear reduction.

Front Group: Ravigneaux Planet Gear Set
The brake band B1 locks the small sunwheel (7) of the Ravigneaux gear set. The input shaft drives the wide planet gears of the Ravigneaux gear set via the large sunwheel (4).
Driven by the wide planet gears (3) the narrow planet gears (2) orbit around the locked small sunwheel (7) and rotate the planet carrier (6) of the Ravigneaux gear set in the input direction of rotation.
The annulus (1) of the Ravigneaux planet gear set rotates without load in the input direction of rotation without freewheel F1 being engaged for power transmission (freewheeling state).

Middle Group: Single Planet Gear Set
The power flow in the middle planet gear set corresponds to that in 1st gear.

Rear Group: Single Planet Gear Set
The power flow in the rear planet gear set corresponds to that in 1st gear.

i12 = 2nd partial reduction, front group
i21 = 1st partial reduction, rear group
i31 = 1st partial reduction, rear group
i2 = total reduction, 2nd gear
i2 = i12 X i21 X i31

3rd Gear
In 3rd gear the brake band B2 (15) is applied. Clutches K1(31) and KS (25) are engaged for power transmission. The freewheel F2 (24) is locked.
Only the middle group is involved in the gear reduction.

Front Group: Ravigneaux Planet Gear Set
Clutch K1 is engaged and locks the small sunwheel of the Ravigneaux planet gear set to the planet carrier. The other components of the Ravigneaux planet gear set are thus a is also blocked.

Partial reduction i13 = 1

Middle Group: Single Planet Gear Set
The annulus of the middle planet gear set is driven at input speed. The power flow in the middle planet gear set corresponds to that in 1st and 2nd gear.

Rear Group: Single Planet Gear Set
The power flow in the rear planet gear set corresponds to that in 1st and 2nd gear.

i13 = 3rd partial reduction, front group
i21 = 1st partial reduction, rear group
i31 = 1st partial reduction, rear group
i3 = total reduction, 2nd gear
i3 = i13 X i21 X i31

4th Gear
In 4th gear clutches K1 (31), K2 (28) and KS (25) are engaged for power transmission. The freewheel F2 (24) is locked.
All three groups of the planetary gear train rotate as a locked unit.

Front Group: Ravigneaux Planet Gear Set
The Ravigneaux planet gear set is locked by clutch K1 and rotates at the 3rd partial reduction i13 = 1.

Middle Group: Single Planet Gear Set
Clutch K2 is engaged and connects the sunwheel of the rear planet gear set via the Ravigneaux planet gear set to the annulus of the rear planet gear set. The rear planet gear set is thus locked and rotates at the 2nd partial reduction i22 = 1.

Rear Group: Single Planet Gear Set
The power flow in the rear planet gear set corresponds to that in 1st, 2nd and 3rd gear.

i13 = 3rd partial reduction, front group
i22 = 2nd partial reduction, rear group
i31 = 1st partial reduction, rear group
i4 = total reduction, 4th gear

i4 = i13 X i22 X i31 = 1 X 1 X 1 = 1





5th Gear
In 5th gear clutches K1 and K2 are engaged for power transmission. The brake BS (26) is operated.
The front and the middle groups of the planetary gear train rotate as a locked until at engine speed. Only the rear group is involved in the gear reduction.

Front Group: Ravigneaux Planet Gear Set
The Ravigneaux planet gear set is locked by clutch K1 and rotates at the 3rd partial reduction i13 = 1.

Middle Group: Single Planet Gear Set
Clutch K2 is engaged and connects the sunwheel of the middle planet gear set via the Ravigneaux planet gear set to the annulus of the middle planet gear set. The middle planet gear Set is thus locked and rotates at the 2nd partial reduction i22 = 1.

Rear Group: Single Planet Gear Set
Brake BS (26) is applied and locks the sunwheel (34). The planet gears (36). which are driven by the intermediate shalt (16) at input speed. orbit around the locked sunwheel (34) and rotate the annulus (33), which is connected to the output shalt (20). This results in a gear step-up.

i13 = 3rd partial gear step-up, front group
i22 = 2nd partial gear step-up, middle group
i32 = 2nd partial gear step-up, rear group
i4 = total gear step-up, 5th gear
i4 = i13 X i22 X i32

16. Intermediate shaft
20. Output shaft
24. Freewheel F2
25. Clutch KS
26. Brake BS
32. Piston BS
33. Annulus
34. Sunwheel
35. Planet carrier
36. Planet gear
37. Piston KS

Reverse Gear
In reverse gear the multiple-disc brake B3 is applied and clutches K2 and KS are engaged for power transmission. The freewheels F2 and F1 are locked.
The front and middle groups of the planetary gear train are involved in the gear reduction.

Front Group: Ravigneaux Planet Gear Set
The planet carriers of the Ravigneaux planet gear set and the connected annulus of the middle planet gear set are held stationary by the multiple-disc brake B3.
The input shaft drives the wide planet gears of the Ravigneaux planet gear set via the large sunwheel. The locked planet carrier results in the direction of rotation of the annulus being reversed.

Middle Group: Single Planet Gear Set
The reversing annulus of the Ravigneaux planet gear set drives the sunwheel of the middle planets gear set via the freewheel F1, which locks in the opposite direction. The planet gears of the middle planet gear set orbit within the locked annulus and drive the planet carrier and thus the output shaft in the reverse direction of rotation.

Rear Group: Single Planet Gear Set
The power flow in the rear planet gear set corresponds to that in 1st, 2nd and 3rd gear.

i1R = partial reduction, front group in reverse gear
i23 = 3rd partial reduction, rear group
i31 = 1st partial reduction. rear group
iR = total reduction. reverse gear
iR = i1R X i23 X i31

Clutch K2 locks up the freewheel F1 which also ensures that the power flow is retained when decelerating.