Engine: Description and Operation

CYLINDER BLOCK
The cylinder block is cast grey iron and has four cylinders arranged "In-Line". The casting is a semi-open deck type with deep skirt design.

CRANKSHAFT
The crankshaft is cast nodular iron with eight counterweights. The number five counterweight is also the ignition system reluctor wheel. The main bearing journals are cross~drilled and the upper bearings are grooved. The crankshaft has a pressed-on oil pump drive gear. Number three main bearing is the thrust bearing. A harmonic balancer is used to control torsional vibration.

CONNECTING RODS
The connecting rods are forged steel, heat treated and shot peened. The connecting rod incorporates a bronze bushing for the floating piston pin. An oil cooling hole, which indexes once per revolution with the connecting rod oil feed hole, is drilled in the rod for piston cooling.

PISTONS
The pistons are cast aluminum. The piston rings are of a low tension type to reduce friction. The top compression ring is ductile iron with a molybdenum facing and phosphate coated sides. The second compression ring is grey iron. The oil ring is of 3-piece spring construction with chromium plating.

OIL PAN
The oil pan is die cast aluminum. The oil pan includes an attachment to the transaxle to provide additional structural support. An oil pan baffle is used.

CYLINDER HEAD
The cylinder head is a semi-permanent mold aluminum casting. Pressed-in powdered metal valve guides and valve seat inserts are used. The fuell injection nozzle is located in the intake port.

VALVES
There is one intake valve and one exhaust valve per cylinder. The valve springs are conical-shaped to fit inside the valve lifter body. Rotators are used on all valves. The rotators are located at the bottom of the valve spring to reduce valve train reciprocating mass. Positive valve stem seals are used on all valves.


CAMSHAFT
One camshaft is used for all intake and exhaust valves. The camshaft is cast iron. The camshaft extends out of the camshaft housing and includes a pressed-on pulley that drives the power steering pump.

VALVE LIFTERS
Direct acting hydraulic valve lifters are used. The valve lifter body includes a hardened iron contact foot bonded to a steel shell. These lifters are not repairable.

CAMSHAFT HOUSING AND COVER
The camshaft housing and cover are cast aluminum. The camshaft runs directly on the housing and cover without bearing inserts.

CAMSHAFT DRIVE
A single row inverted tooth chain is used. A hydraulic tensioner and two or three guides control chain motion. The crankshaft and idler sprockets are steel and the camshaft sprockets are cast iron.

TIMING CHAIN HOUSING AND COVER
The timing chain housing is die cast aluminum. The housing assembly includes the idler sprocket and bearing which drives the water pump. The timing chain cover is stamped steel and retains the crankshaft front seal.

INTAKE AND EXHAUST MANIFOLD
The intake manifold is made of cast aluminum. The exhaust manifold is cast iron.