Inspection and Replacement
Part 1 Of 2:
Part 2 Of 2:
INSPECTION
1. CLEAN CYLINDER BLOCK
a. Remove the gasket material.
b. Using a gasket scraper, remove all the gasket material from the top surface of the cylinder block.
c. Clean the cylinder block.
d. Using a soft brush and solvent, thoroughly clean the cylinder block.
2. INSPECT CYLINDER BLOCK
a. Inspect for flatness.
Using a precision straight edge and feeler gauge, measure the surfaces contacting the cylinder head gasket for warpage.
Maximum warpage: 0.05 mm (0.0020 inch)
If warpage is greater than maximum, replace the cylinder block.
b. Visually check the cylinder for vertical scratches.
If deep scratches are present, rebore all the 6 cylinders and replace all the 6 pistons. If necessary, replace the cylinder block.
c. Inspect the cylinder bore diameter.
HINT: There are 3 sizes of the standard cylinder bore diameter, marked 1, 2 and 3 accordingly. The mark is stamped on the top of the cylinder block.
Using a cylinder gauge, measure the cylinder bore diameter at positions A, B and C in the thrust and axial directions.
Standard diameter
Maximum diameter
If the diameter is greater than maximum, rebore all the 6 cylinders and replace all the 6 pistons. If necessary, replace the cylinder block.
3. REMOVE CYLINDER RIDGE
If the wear is less than 0.2 mm (0.008 inch), using a ridge reamer, grind the top of the cylinder.
4. CLEAN PISTON
a. Using a gasket scraper, remove the carbon from the piston top.
b. Using a groove cleaning tool or broken ring, clean the piston ring grooves.
c. Using solvent and a brush, thoroughly clean the piston.
NOTICE: Do not use a wire brush.
5. INSPECT PISTON AND CONNECTING ROD
a. Inspect the piston oil clearance.
HINT: There are 3 sizes of the standard piston diameter, marked 1, 2 and 3 accordingly. The mark is stamped on the piston top.
1. Using a micrometer, measure the piston diameter at right angles to the piston pin center line, 26 mm (1.02 inch) from the piston head.
Piston diameter
2. Measure the cylinder bore diameter in the thrust directions (See step 2).
3. Subtract the piston diameter measurement from the cylinder bore diameter measurement.
Standard oil clearance: 0.134 - 0.154 mm (0.0053 - 0.0060 inch)
Maximum oil clearance: 0.174 mm (0.0069 inch)
If the oil clearance is greater than maximum, replace all the 6 pistons. If necessary, rebore all the 6 cylinders or replace the cylinder block.
HINT:
Use new cylinder block:
Use a piston with the same number mark as the standard bore diameter marked on the cylinder block.
b. Inspect the piston ring groove clearance.
Using a feeler gauge, measure the clearance between new piston ring and the wall of the piston ring groove.
Standard ring groove clearance
If the clearance not as specified, replace the piston.
c. Inspect piston ring end gap.
1. Insert the piston ring into the cylinder bore.
2. Using a piston, push the piston ring a little to the bottom of the ring travel, 115 mm (4.53 inch) from the top of the cylinder block.
3. Using a feeler gauge, measure the ring end gap.
Standard ring end gap
Maximum ring end gap
If the end gap is greater than maximum, replace the piston ring. If the end gap is greater than maximum, even with a new piston ring, rebore all the 6 cylinders or replace the cylinder block.
d. Inspect the piston pin fit.
At 60°C (140°F), you should be able to push the piston pin into the piston pin hole with your thumb.
e. Using a rod aligner and feeler gauge, check the connecting rod alignment.
1. Check for bend.
Maximum bend: 0.05 mm (0.0020 inch) per 100 mm (3.94 inch)
If bend is greater than maximum, replace the connecting rod assembly.
2. Check for twist.
Maximum twist: 0.15 mm (0.0059 inch) per 100 mm (3.94 inch)
If twist is greater than maximum, replace the connecting rod assembly.
f. Inspect the piston clearance.
1. Using a caliper gauge, measure the inside diameter of the connecting rod bushing.
Bushing inside diameter: 22.005 - 22.017 mm (0.8663 - 0.8668 inch)
2. Using a micrometer, measure the piston pin diameter.
Piston pin diameter: 21.997 - 22.009 mm (0.8660 - 0.8665 inch)
3. Subtract the piston pin diameter measurement from the bushing inside diameter measurement.
Standard oil clearance: 0.005 - 0.011 mm (0.0002 - 0.0004 inch)
Maximum oil clearance: 0.05 mm (0.0020 inch)
If the oil clearance is greater than maximum, replace the bushing. If necessary, replace the piston and piston pin as a set.
g. Inspect the connecting rod bolt.
1. Install the cap nut to the connecting rod bolt. Check that the rod cap nut can be turned easily by hand to the end of the thread.
2. If the cap nut cannot be turned easily, measure the outer diameter of the compressed thread with vernier calipers.
Standard outer diameter: 7.860 - 8.000 mm (0.3094 - 0.3150 inch)
Minimum outer diameter: 7.600 mm (0.2992 inch)
HINT:
If the location of this area cannot be judged by visual inspection, measure the outer diameter at the location shown in the illustration.
If the outer diameter is less than minimum, replace the connecting rod and rod cap nut as a set.
6. INSPECT CRANKSHAFT
a. Inspect the for circle runout.
1. Place the crankshaft on V-blocks.
2. Using a dial indicator, measure the circle runout at the No. 2 and No. 3 journals.
Maximum circle runout: 0.06 mm (0.0024 inch)
If the circle runout is greater than maximum, replace the crankshaft.
b. Inspect the main journals and crank pins.
1. Using a micrometer, measure the diameter of each main journal and crank pin.
Main journal diameter
Crank pin diameter
If the diameter is not as specified, check the oil clearance.
2. Check each main journal and crank pin for taper and out-of-round as shown.
Maximum taper and out-of-round: 0.02 mm (0.0008 inch)
If the taper or out-of-round is greater than maximum, grind or replace the crankshaft.
7. IF NECESSARY, GRIND AND HONE MAIN JOURNALS AND/OR CRANK PINS
a. Grind and hone the main journals and/or crank pins to the finished undersized diameter (See procedure step 7 (b)).
b. Install new main journal and/or crank pin to undersized bearings.
REPLACEMENT
1. REPLACE OVERSIZED (O/S) PISTON
HINT: Bore all the 6 cylinders for the oversized piston outside diameter. Replace all the piston rings with ones to match the oversized pistons.
a. Keep the oversized pistons.
Oversized piston diameter:
O/S 0.50: 93.856 - 93.886 mm (3.6951 - 3.6963 inch)
b. Calculate amount to the bore cylinders.
1. Using a micrometer, measure the piston diameter at right angle to the piston pin center fine, 26 mm (1.02 inch) from the piston head.
2. Calculate the amount of each cylinder to be rebored is as follows.
Size to be rebored = P + C - H
P = Piston diameter
C = Piston oil clearance 0.134 - 0.154 mm (0.0053 - 0.0060 inch)
H = Allowance for honing 0.02 mm (0.0008 inch) or less
3. Bore and hone the cylinder to calculated dimensions.
Maximum honing: 0.02 mm (0.0008 inch)
NOTICE: Excess honing will destroy the finished roundness.
2. REPLACE CRANKSHAFT FRONT OIL SEAL
3. REPLACE CRANKSHAFT REAR OIL SEAL
HINT: There are 2 methods ((a) and (b)) to replace the oil seal.
a. If the rear oil seal retainer is removed from the cylinder block:
1. Using a screwdriver and hammer, tap out the oil seal.
2. Using SST and a hammer, tap in a new oil seal until its surface is flush with the rear oil seal retainer edge.
SST 09223-15030, 09950-70010 (09951-07150)
3. Apply MP grease to the oil seal lip.
b. If the rear oil seal retainer is installed to the cylinder block:
1. Using a knife, cut off the oil seal lip.
2. Using a screwdriver, pry out the oil seal.
NOTICE: Be careful not to damage the crankshaft. Tape the screwdriver tip.
3. Apply MP grease to a new oil seal lip.
4. Using SST and a hammer, tap in the oil seal until its surface is flush with the rear oil seal retainer edge.
SST 09223-15030, 09950-70010 (09951-07150)
4. REPLACE CONNECTING ROD BUSHING
a. Using SST and a press, press out the bushing.
SST 09222-30010
b. Align the oil holes of a new bushing and the connecting rod.
c. Using SST and a press, press in the bushing.
SST 09222-30010
d. Using a pin hole grinder, hone the bushing to obtain the standard specified clearance between the bushing and piston pin.
e. Check the piston pin fit at normal room temperature. Coat the piston pin with engine oil, and push it into the connecting rod with your thumb.