Synchronization and Power Flow

Neutral Position
1 Gear teeth.
2 Synchro ring.
3 Synchro sleeve.
4 Dogs (in slots).
5 Synchro hub.
6 Spring.





Synchronizing
1 Synchro ring.
2 Synchro sleeve.
A,B are forces caused by the different speeds of the gear and the synchro ring.
C is the force from the synchro sleeve shift fork.





Gear Engaged

Synchronization
When engaging a gear, a shift fork moves the synchro sleeve (3) towards the gear teeth (1). The synchro dogs (4) move with the synchro sleeve and will thus press the synchro ring against the cone on the gear. If the synchro sleeve and the gear have different speeds, the synchro ring will turn in relation to the synchro sleeve. The synchro dogs, however, prevent the synchro ring from turning more than half a tooth width.

The synchro ring will then be half a tooth Out of alignment with the synchro sleeve. This will prevent the synchro sleeve from sliding over the synchro ring and engaging with the gear teeth.

Because the synchro dogs press the synchro ring on the gear cone, friction results between the two surfaces. This friction will slow the speed of the gear to be the same as the synchro sleeve. With both turning at the same speed, the synchro sleeve can then turn the synchro ring half a tooth backwards. The synchro sleeve can then slide over the synchro ring and engage the gear teeth.

Power Flow Through The Transmission





First gear





Second gear





Third gear





Fourth gear





Reverse