Navigation System: Description and Operation
NAVIGATION SYSTEMSystem Description
NOTE: Refer to NAVI System Owner's Manual for system operation.
The navigation system periodically calculates the vehicle's current position according to the following three signals: Travel distance of the vehicle as determined by the vehicle speed sensor, turning angle of the vehicle as determined by the gyroscope (angular velocity sensor), and the direction of vehicle travel as determined by the GPS antenna (GPS information).
The current position of the vehicle is then identified by comparing the calculated vehicle position with map data read from the map DVD-ROM, which is stored in the DVD-ROM drive (map-matching), and indicated on the screen with a current-location mark.
By comparing the vehicle position detection results found by the GPS and by map-matching, more accurate vehicle position data can be used.
The current vehicle position will be calculated by detecting the distance the vehicle moved from the previous calculation point and its direction.
TRAVEL DISTANCE
Travel distance calculations are based on the vehicle speed sensor input signal. Therefore, the calculation may become incorrect as the tires wear down. To prevent this, an automatic distance fine adjustment function has been adopted. Adjustments can be made in extreme cases such as driving with tire chain fitted on tires. Refer to "Confirmation/Adjustment Mode". Confirmation/Adjustment Mode
TRAVEL DIRECTION
Change in the travel direction of the vehicle is calculated by a gyroscope (angular velocity sensor) and a GPS antenna (GPS information). As the gyroscope and GPS antenna have both merit and demerit, input signals from them are prioritized in each situation. However, this order of priority may change in accordance with more detailed travel conditions so that the travel direction is detected more accurately.
MAP-MATCHING
Map-matching is a function that repositions the vehicle on the road map when a new location is judged to be the most accurate. This is done by comparing the current vehicle position, calculated by the method described in the position detection principle, with the road map data around the vehicle, read from the map DVD-ROM stored in the DVD-ROM drive.
Therefore, the vehicle position may not be corrected after the vehicle is driven over a certain distance or time in which GPS information is hard to receive. In this case, the current-location mark on the display must be corrected manually.
CAUTION: The road map data is based on data stored in the map DVD-ROM.
- In map-matching, alternative routes to reach the destination will be shown and prioritized, after the road on which the vehicle is currently driven has been judged and the current-location mark has been repositioned.
If there is an error in distance and/or direction, the alternative routes will be shown in different order of priority, and the wrong road can be avoided.
If two roads are running in parallel, they are of the same priority. Therefore, the current-location mark may appear on either of them alternately, depending on maneuvering of the steering wheel and configuration of the road.
- Map-matching does not function correctly when the road on which the vehicle is driving is new and not recorded in the map DVD-ROM, or when the road pattern stored in the map data and the actual road pattern are different due to repair.
When driving on a road not present in the map, the map-matching function may find another road and position the current-location mark on it. Then, when the correct road is detected, the current-location mark may leap to it.
- Effective range for comparing the vehicle position and travel direction calculated by the distance and direction with the road data read from the map DVD-ROM is limited. Therefore, when there is an excessive gap between the current vehicle position and the position on the map, correction by map-matching is not possible.
GPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM)
GPS (Global Positioning System) has been developed and controlled by the US Department of Defense. The system utilizes GPS satellite (NAV-STAR), sending out radio waves while flying on an orbit around the earth at the height of approx. 21,000 km (13,000 miles). The GPS receiver calculates the vehicle's position in three dimensions (latitude/longitude/altitude) according to the time lag of the radio waves received from four or more GPS satellites (three-dimensional positioning). If radio waves were received only from three GPS satellites, the GPS receiver calculates the vehicle's position in two dimensions (latitude/longitude), utilizing the altitude data calculated previously by using radio waves from four or more GPS satellites (two-dimensional positioning).
Accuracy of the GPS will deteriorate under the following conditions.
- In two-dimensional positioning, the GPS accuracy will deteriorate when the altitude of the vehicle position changes.
- There may be an error of approximately 10 m (30 ft) in position detected by three-dimensional positioning, which is more accurate than two-dimensional positioning. The accuracy can be even lower depending on the arrangement of the GPS satellites utilized for the positioning.
- Position detection is not possible when the vehicle is in an area where radio waves from the GPS satellite do not reach, such as in a tunnel, parking lot in a building, and under an elevated highway. Radio waves from the GPS satellites may not be received when some object is located over the GPS antenna.
- Position correction by GPS is not available while the vehicle is stopped.
COMPONENT DESCRIPTION
NAVI Control Unit
- The gyro (angular speed sensor) and the DVD-ROM drive are built-in units that control the navigation functions.
- Signals are received from the gyro, the vehicle speed sensor, and the GPS antenna. Vehicle location is determined by combining this data with the data contained in the DVD-ROM map. Location information is shown on liquid crystal display (display unit).
- Maps, traffic control regulations, and other pertinent information can be easily read from the DVD-ROM disc.
- The oscillator gyro sensor is used to detect changes in vehicle steering angle.
Map DVD-ROM
- The map DVD-ROM has maps, traffic control regulations, and other pertinent information.
- To improve DVD-ROM map matching and route determination functions, the DVD-ROM uses an exclusive Nissan format. Therefore, the use of a DVD-ROM provided by other manufacturers cannot be used.
Display Control Unit
The display control unit coordinates audio and video signals between the NAVI control unit and the display unit.
Display Unit
Displays NAVI system information.
AV Switch
AV switch allows user to input NAVI display settings. Self diagnostics are initiated using AV switch.
GPS Antenna
GPS antenna sends signals to NAVI control unit.
CAN Communication System Description
Refer to LAN-4, "Information Bus". Description and Operation