Operation CHARM: Car repair manuals for everyone.
Manuals through 2025 now available!

Our trusted friends have launched a new website named LEMON, which has newer manuals. It also contains all the CHARM manuals.

LEMON is the spiritual successor to CHARM, I recommend you try it!

Link: lemon-manuals.la or lemon-manuals.org.ua

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Injector Control









The Engine Control Module calculates the correct injection timing on the basis of the engine speed, air flow or air mass, throttle position, oxygen sensor voltage, engine coolant/intake air temperatures and battery voltage.

The mixture is varied by the opening time of the injector valves. Depending on the system, the injectors are either controlled fully or semi sequentially (individually or in groups).

The injectors receive operating power from the Main Relay. The ECM provides the injector with a ground for a calculated duration of time (ti) providing the ideal air fuel ratio for all engine operating conditions.