Operation CHARM: Car repair manuals for everyone.
Manuals through 2025 now available!

Our trusted friends have launched a new website named LEMON, which has newer manuals. It also contains all the CHARM manuals.

LEMON is the spiritual successor to CHARM, I recommend you try it!

Link: lemon-manuals.la or lemon-manuals.org.ua

(Some people have issue connecting. LEMON is investigating. For now, use Firefox or change your DNS server)

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Air Flow Measurement

OPERATION
The air drawn in by the engine is routed through the air flow meter. The flow of air acts against a spring-loaded air vane. The deflection of the air vane is a measure for the current air flow. The deflection is converted by a potentiometer, mounted on the outside, to a proportional voltage value and transferred to the digital motor electronics.

The voltage value of the air flow meter in conjunction with the engine speed is a direct measure for the load to which the engine is subjected.