Engine: Description and Operation

This engine incorporates:
- A closed positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) system.
- An exhaust emissions control system.
- An evaporative emissions control system.

The engine, fuel system, ignition system, emissions system, and exhaust system all affect exhaust emissions levels and must be maintained according to the maintenance schedule.

The cylinder block is made of special high-grade cast iron, with thin-wall construction. The crankshaft has five main bearings and is precision-cast iron. Piston, pin and rings are aluminum alloy, tin plated. Valve rocker arms are individually bolt-mounted. The valve tappets are hydraulic-roller design. These engines are also equipped with aluminum intake manifold systems.