Operation CHARM: Car repair manuals for everyone.
Manuals through 2025 now available!

Our trusted friends have launched a new website named LEMON, which has newer manuals. It also contains all the CHARM manuals.

LEMON is the spiritual successor to CHARM, I recommend you try it!

Link: lemon-manuals.la or lemon-manuals.org.ua

(Some people have issue connecting. LEMON is investigating. For now, use Firefox or change your DNS server)

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Turning Angle Inspection


Turning Angle






NOTE: Use commercially-available computerized four wheel alignment equipment to measure wheel alignment (that is, caster, camber, toe, and/or turning angle). Follow the equipment manufacturer's instructions.

1. Turn the wheel right and left while applying the brake, and measure the turning angle of both wheels.
Turning angle:
- Inward wheel: (39°00' ± 2°)
- Outward wheel (reference): (33°00').
2. If the turning angle is not within the specifications, check for bent or damaged suspension components.