Operation CHARM: Car repair manuals for everyone.
Manuals through 2025 now available!

Our trusted friends have launched a new website named LEMON, which has newer manuals. It also contains all the CHARM manuals.

LEMON is the spiritual successor to CHARM, I recommend you try it!

Link: lemon-manuals.la or lemon-manuals.org.ua

(Some people have issue connecting. LEMON is investigating. For now, use Firefox or change your DNS server)

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Component Inspection




USING VOLTMETER

NOTE:
(1) When the vehicle is new [within initial operation of about 500 km (300 miles)], the mass air flow sensor air quantity will be about 10 % higher.
(2) Use an accurate digital voltmeter.
(3) Before checking, warm up the engine until the engine coolant temperature reaches 80 to 90°C (176 to 198°F).