Brakes - Judder/Noise/Pedal Feel Diagnostics/Repair
Classification:BR00-005e
Reference:
ITB00-024e
Date:
August 8, 2007
ALL INFINITI; BRAKE NOISE/JUDDER/PEDAL FEEL DIAGNOSIS AND REPAIR
This bulletin has been amended. The Applied Vehicles have been updated.
Please discard all previous versions of this bulletin.
APPLIED VEHICLES:
All Infiniti
SERVICE INFORMATION
^ This bulletin is to assist you in responding to customer questions about brake operation and provides diagnostic and repair information for each item listed if any should occur.
^ Most brake issues fall into the following categories:
a. Brake Noise: A squeak squeal clunk or groan that occurs when the brakes are applied or released.
b. Brake Judder: A vibration that can be felt in the vehicle steering wheel or brake pedal when the brakes are applied.
c. Pedal Feel: The effort needed to operate the brakes is too high or too low.
SERVICE PROCEDURE
1. Verify the condition by road testing the vehicle with the customer.
2. Determine the specific brake issue based on the description in the Service Information above.
3. Follow the appropriate repair procedure(s) listed on the following pages for your specific issue.
BRAKE NOISE
^ Brakes can make a range of noises when applied or released. Some noises are normal and no repair action should be taken.
^ Use the following descriptions to identify the specific type of brake noise and the appropriate repair:
Squeak noise when the brakes are cold:
^ Usually occurs during the first few stops in the morning.
^ This is a normal condition. No service action is necessary
Squeak noise with the brakes at normal operating temperatures:
^ Refer to technical bulletins specific to the model of vehicle regarding this issue.
^ If there are no bulletins for the car you are working on install OE type pads using the information listed under Brake Service of this bulletin and the appropriate Service Manual procedures.
Notes about brake pads and brake noise:
Original Equipment (OE) brake pads are installed on all current Infiniti vehicles at the factory.
^ The OE pads use a Non-asbestos Organic (NAO) compound. The NAO material provides state of the art resistance to squeal noise.
^ These pads are available as service parts and must be used if replacing brake pads under the terms of the Infiniti new car warranty.
Loud continuous squeak/squeal noise:
^ Occurs with or without braking.
^ This is a normal brake function. It occurs when the brake pad wear indicators contact the rotor.
^ It indicates the brake pads are worn out and need to be replaced. Install new brake pads using the information listed under Brake Service on page 5 of this bulletin and the appropriate Service Manual procedures.
Groan noise when slightly releasing the brakes after coming to a stop:
^ This is sometimes called "creep groan".
^ It is a normal condition. No repair or service is necessary.
Groan noise during stopping:
^ Usually caused by glazing of the rotors surface as a result of heavy or frequent braking.
^ Refer to technical bulletins specific to the model of vehicle regarding this issue.
^ Replace the brake pads then resurface the rotors and finish them with sand paper. Refer to Brake Service on page 5 for additional detail.
Single clunk noise from front suspension when applying the brakes:
^ The noise is a result of the brake pads shifting in the direction of rotor rotation when the brakes are applied.
^ Can be duplicated by lightly touching the brake pedal.
^ If the brake pedal is pushed hard the noise is less likely to occur.
^ Make sure the brake pads and pad hardware (shims springs clips etc) are installed correctly.
^ Refer to ASIST for vehicle specific brake service information.
^ Refer to Brake Service for additional detail.
Multiple clunk noise and/or pedal pulsation that occurs only one time after the engine is started:
^ This is a normal ABS Self Check noise. No service action is necessary.
^ The vehicle's ABS system performs a self check. On some models this self check occurs with the first application of the brakes after the engine is started. On other models the self check occurs the first time the vehicle reaches 5 mph after the engine is started.
Rear Brake Squeal:
^ Usually due to an accumulation of brake dust and dirt between the pads/shoes and rotors or drums.
^ Clean all dust and dirt from the brake shoes backing plates and related components.
WARNING:
Brake dust may be hazardous if inhaled. Refer to the Service Manual (ESM) for brake dust precautions and use approved brake cleaning equipment.
^ Refer to ASIST (Service Bulletins and ESM) for correct installation and lubrication of brake pads caliper parts and hardware.
CAUTION:
Do not get grease on the brake pad friction surface.
BRAKE JUDDER
Brake Judder is caused by rotor thickness variation and/or rotor run out.
Rotor Thickness Variation:
When the inner and outer surface of the rotor are not flat and not parallel the brake pads will travel in and out as they follow the low and high spots on the rotor (see Figure 1).
Rotor Run Out:
If the brake rotor is not true to the hub center the brake pads contact one point on each side of the rotor with each wheel rotation even if the brakes are not applied. Over time this point contact will cause the rotor to wear more in these areas and cause rotor thickness variation (see Figure 2).
^ This motion of the brake pads is transferred through the caliper pistons and is felt in the brake pedal as a pulsation. In severe cases it can also cause a back and forth oscillation in the steering wheel.
Vehicle Storage:
^ If the vehicle is not operated for periods of time the area of the brake rotors not covered by the brake pads will rust.
^ The friction characteristics between the rusted and un-rusted areas of the rotor braking surface will be different.
^ This difference may cause brake judder at low and/or high mileage even after the rust wears off.
Lug Nut Overtorque:
^ Another contributor of brake judder is lug nut overtorque. This can occur if the lug nuts are over tightened especially with an air impact wrench.
Brake Judder Repair
^ Brake judder issues must be corrected by turning the rotors with a ProCut(TM) PFM series On-Car Brake Lathe.
^ Refer to ITB04-038 for additional information on using this lathe.
^ If the rotors are replaced make sure you index them to the axle hub to ensure minimum runout (see Rotor Indexing).
PEDAL FEEL
^ Some customers may say that the brake pedal feels too high or low when applying the brakes.
^ This may indicate the brake system needs service or it may be the result of the customer comparing the feel of the brakes in a new car with the feel of the brakes in a previous car.
^ Road test the vehicle with the customer. Compare brake operation to a know good vehicle and determine if brake service is necessary. If so refer to the following service items:
a. Inspect the brake calipers and make sure they are correctly installed and sliding freely.
b. Inspect the front and rear brakes and make sure the brake pads and/or shoes are properly installed.
c. Bleed all air from the brake system.
d. Make sure the brake pedal stroke and free play are adjusted correctly. Refer to the BR section of the appropriate service manual.
NOTE:
Use Essential Tool J-46532 (Brake Pedal Height Tool) for brake pedal height check and adjustment. This tool is available from TECH-MATE.
BRAKE SERVICE
To ensure a high quality brake service be sure to:
1. Finish rotors properly.
^ This is one of the most important aspects of preventing and eliminating brake noise.
^ Use the ProCut(TM) PFM series on-car brake lathe. It has been chosen as the approved tool for rotor resurfacing (refer to 1TB04-038 for additional information).
2. Correctly install pads and shims.
IMPORTANT:
Correct installation and lubrication of brake pads and all caliper parts and hardware is essential for proper brake operation and will help dampen noise-causing movement and vibrations.
^ Refer to ASIST (Service Bulletins and ESM) for correct installation and lubrication of brake pads caliper parts and hardware.
CAUTION:
Do Not get grease on the brake pad friction surface.
3. Perform the following post-installation checks.
^ Confirm that brake pads fit snugly in the calipers. Replace worn components as necessary.
^ Test drive after repairs and burnish the new brakes. This will influence brake performance including noise.
a. Drive the vehicle on a straight smooth road at about 30 mph (50 kph).
b. Use medium brake pedal/foot effort to bring the vehicle to a complete stop from about 30 mph (50 kph). Adjust your pedal/foot pressure so that the vehicle stopping time is 3-5 seconds.
c. Cool the brake system by driving at about 30 mph (50 kph) for approximately one minute without stopping.
d. Repeat steps 1, 2, and 3 ten times to complete the burnishing process.
4. Follow-up to ensure customer satisfaction safety and proper brake performance.
^ Confirm the procedures described in steps 2 - 4 above have been strictly followed.
ROTOR INDEXING
When installing a new rotor a rotor that has been surfaced off the car or a rotor that has been removed for any reason use the following indexing procedure to ensure the minimum amount of rotor run-out.
1. Make sure the rotor is fully contacting the hub. Clean the rotor-to-hub surface if it is rusty.
NOTE:
For cleaning the hub surface specifically around the wheel studs it is recommended to use the Wheel Hub Cleaning Kit # J-42450-A which can be ordered from Nissan TECH-MATE.
2. Install the rotor and all lug nuts. Tighten the lug nuts to 40 ft-lbs (for this indexing process only).
3. Place a reference mark on the rotor and hub.
4. Measure rotor run-out with a dial indicator. If the run-out is above limit continue with step 5.
For more detail of the run-out limit refer to the ESM.
5. Remove the lug nuts and shift the position of the rotor one lug clockwise then reinstall the lug nuts and torque to 40 ft-lbs (again for this indexing process only).
^ Repeat step 4 and 5 until the rotor is positioned with the least amount of runout.
6. After you find the position with the least amount of runout if the runout is still more than the limit you'll need to turn (resurface) the new rotors using the ProCut(TM) PFM Series on-car brake lathe.
CLAIMS INFORMATION
Please reference the current Infiniti "Warranty Flat Rate Manual" and submit your claim(s) using the Operation Code (Op Code) or combination of Op Codes that best describes the operations performed.
Disclaimer