Operation CHARM: Car repair manuals for everyone.
Manuals through 2025 now available!

Our trusted friends have launched a new website named LEMON, which has newer manuals. It also contains all the CHARM manuals.

LEMON is the spiritual successor to CHARM, I recommend you try it!

Link: lemon-manuals.la or lemon-manuals.org.ua

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Measuring Procedures

All ESD sensitive components are Solid State and the following information applies to them.

The ESD symbol is used on schematics to indicate which components are ESD sensitive.





When handling any electronic part, the service technician should follow the guidelines below to reduce any possible electrostatic charge build-up on the service technician's body and inadvertent discharge to the electronic part. If it is not known whether or not a component is ESD sensitive, assume it is susceptible.

The circuits shown within the boxes are greatly simplified. Do not troubleshoot by measuring resistance at any terminal of these devices unless so instructed by a written diagnostic procedure. Due to the simplification of the schematics, resistance measurements could be misleading, or could lead to electrostatic discharge.