Operation CHARM: Car repair manuals for everyone.
Manuals through 2025 now available!

Our trusted friends have launched a new website named LEMON, which has newer manuals. It also contains all the CHARM manuals.

LEMON is the spiritual successor to CHARM, I recommend you try it!

Link: lemon-manuals.la or lemon-manuals.org.ua

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Starting Fuel



Starting Fuel










Pre-injection
When the ignition is turned on, the fuel pump relay will operate for one second to build up fuel pressure.

As soon as the control module detects the crankshaft moving, there will be a simultaneous injection with all four injectors. The amount of fuel injected depends on the engine coolant temperature.

Starter motor cranking
As soon as the control module localizes the large hole in the armature, injection will be based on crankshaft angle.

The fuel quantity is still regulated by engine coolant temperature only and is decreased gradually as starter motor cranking continues.

Injection is interrupted if the accelerator is depressed fully. This makes it possible to rectify a flooded engine.

As soon as the engine speed exceeds 650 rpm, it is assumed that the engine is running and the fuel quantity is calculated using the mass air flow sensor as the main sensor.