Operation CHARM: Car repair manuals for everyone.
Manuals through 2025 now available!

Our trusted friends have launched a new website named LEMON, which has newer manuals. It also contains all the CHARM manuals.

LEMON is the spiritual successor to CHARM, I recommend you try it!

Link: lemon-manuals.la or lemon-manuals.org.ua

(Some people have issue connecting. LEMON is investigating. For now, use Firefox or change your DNS server)

Or, hide this message: temporarily or permanently

Reference Waveforms

Reference waveform No.1

Fuel injector signal (1) with engine idling








Reference waveform No.2

No.1 fuel injector signal (2) with engine idling








Reference waveform No.3

No.2 fuel injector signal (2) with engine idling








Reference waveform No.4

HO2S signal (1) with engine idling








Reference waveform No.5

HO2S signal (1) with engine racing








Reference waveform No.6

EVAP canister purge valve signal








Reference waveform No.7

No.3 fuel injector signal (2) with engine idling








Reference waveform No.8

No.4 fuel injector signal (2) with engine idling








Reference waveform No.9

Ignition coil signal (1) with engine idling








Reference waveform No.10

Ignition coil No.4 signal (2) with engine idling








Reference waveform No.11

Ignition coil No.3 signal (2) with engine idling








Reference waveform No.12

Ignition coil No.2 signal (1) with engine idling








Reference waveform No.13

Ignition coil No.1 signal (1) with engine idling








Reference waveform No.14

MAF sensor signal (1) with engine racing








Reference waveform No.15

A/F sensor signal with engine idling








Reference waveform No.16

IMT valve actuator signal with engine racing








Reference waveform No.17

CMP sensor signal with engine idling








Reference waveform No.18

CMP sensor signal with engine idling








Reference waveform No.19

Throttle actuator output signal with ignition switch turned ON








Reference waveform No.20

Throttle actuator output signal with ignition switch turned ON








Reference waveform No.21

Knock sensor signal at engine speed 4000 r/min.








Reference waveform No.22

Knock sensor signal at engine speed 4000 r/min.








Reference waveform No.23

CAN communication line signal from ABS / ESP(R) control module with ignition switch turned ON








Reference waveform No.24

Ignition coil signal and fuel injector signal with engine cranking








Reference waveform No.25

CAN communication line signal from TCM with ignition switch turned ON








Reference waveform No.26

Ignition pulse (engine revolution) signal (2) with engine idling








Reference waveform No.27

Ignition pulse (engine revolution) signal (2) with engine idling