Inspection and Replacement

INSPECTION





1. CLEAN CYLINDER BLOCK
a. Using a gasket scraper, remove all the gasket material from the top surface of the cylinder block.
b. Using a soft brush and solvent, thoroughly clean the cylinder block.
2. INSPECT CYLINDER BLOCK





a. Inspect for flatness. Using a precision straight edge and feeler gauge, measure the surfaces contacting the cylinder head and main bearing cap for warpage.
Maximum warpage: 0.07 mm (0.0028 inch)
If warpage is greater than maximum, replace the cylinder block.





b. Visually check the cylinder for vertical scratches.
If deep scratches are present, rebore all the 8 cylinders and replace all the 8 pistons. If necessary, replace the cylinder block.





c. Inspect the cylinder bore diameter.

HINT: There are 3 sizes of the standard cylinder bore diameter, marked "1", "2" and "3" accordingly. The mark is stamped on the top of the cylinder block.





Using a cylinder gauge, measure the cylinder bore diameter at positions A, B and C in the thrust and axial directions. Standard diameter
Maximum diameter: 94.23 mm (3.7098 inch)





Standard diameter





Maximum diameter: 94.23 mm (3.7098 inch)

If the diameter is greater than maximum, rebore all the 8 cylinders and replace all the 8 pistons. If necessary, replace the cylinder block.





d. Remove the cylinder ridge.
If the wear is less than 0.2 mm (0.008 inch), using a ridge reamer, grind the top of the cylinder.





e. Using vernier calipers, measure the thread outside diameter of the main bearing cap bolt.
Standard diameter: 10.760 - 10.970 mm (0.4236 - 0.4319 inch)
Minimum diameter: 10.40 mm (0.4094 inch)
If the diameter is less than minimum, replace the cap bolt.
3. CLEAN PISTON





a. Using a gasket scraper, remove the carbon from the piston top.





b. Using a groove cleaning tool or broken ring, clean the piston ring grooves.





c. Using solvent and a brush, thoroughly clean the piston.

NOTICE: Do not use a wire brush.

4. INSPECT PISTON AND CONNECTING ROD





a. Inspect the piston oil clearance.

HINT: There are 3 sizes of the standard piston diameter, marked "1", "2" and "3" accordingly. The mark is stamped on the piston top.

1. Using a micrometer, measure the piston diameter at right angles to the piston pin center line, 30.75 mm (1.2106 inch) from the piston head.





Piston diameter:

2. Measure the cylinder bore diameter in the thrust directions. (See step 2 above)
3. Subtract the piston diameter measurement from the cylinder bore diameter measurement.
Standard oil clearance: 0.090 - 0.111 mm (0.0035 - 0.0044 inch)
Maximum oil clearance: 0.13 mm (0.0051 inch)
If the oil clearance is greater than maximum, replace all the 8 pistons and rebore all the 8 cylinders. If necessary, replace the cylinder block.





HINT: Use new cylinder block:
- Use a piston with the same number mark as the cylinder diameter marked on the cylinder block.
- The shape of the piston varies for the LH and RH banks.
- The LH piston is marked with "LH" and "2L", the RH piston with "RH" and "2R".





b. Inspect the piston ring groove clearance. Using a feeler gauge, measure the clearance between new piston ring and the wall of the ring groove.





Ring groove clearance:

If the clearance is not as specified, replace the piston.
c. Inspect the piston ring end gap.
1. Insert the piston ring into the cylinder bore.





2. Using a piston, push the piston ring a little to the bottom of the ring travel, 105 mm (4.13 inch) from the top of the cylinder block.





3. Using a feeler gauge, measure the end gap.





Standard end gap:





Maximum end gap:

If the end gap is greater than maximum, replace the piston ring. If the end gap is greater than maximum, even with a new piston ring, rebore all the 8 cylinders or replace the cylinder block.





d. Inspect the piston pin fit.
At 60°C (140°F), you should be able to push the piston pin into the piston pin hole with your thumb.
e. Using a rod aligner and feeler gauge, check the connecting rod alignment.





1. Check for bend.
Maximum bend: 0.05 mm (0.0020 inch) per 100 mm (3.94 inch)
If bend is greater than maximum, replace the connecting rod assembly.





2. Check for twist.
Maximum twist: 0.15 mm (0.0059 inch) per 100 mm (3.94 inch)
If twist is greater than maximum, replace the connecting rod assembly.
f. Inspect the piston pin oil clearance.





1. Using a caliper gauge, measure the inside diameter of the connecting rod bushing.
Bushing inside diameter: 22.005 - 22.014 mm (0.8663 - 0.8667 inch)





2. Using a micrometer, measure the piston pin diameter.
Piston pin diameter: 21.997 - 22.009 mm (0.8660 - 0.8664 inch)
3. Subtract the piston pin diameter measurement from the bushing inside diameter measurement.
Standard oil clearance: 0.005 - 0.011 mm (0.0002 - 0.0004 inch)
Maximum oil clearance: 0.05 mm (0.0020 inch)
If the oil clearance is greater than maximum, replace the bushing. If necessary, replace the piston and piston pin as a set.





g. Using vernier calipers, measure the tension portion of the connecting rod bolt.
Standard diameter: 7.200 - 7.300 mm (0.2835 - 0.2874 inch)
Minimum diameter: 7.00 mm (0.2756 inch)
If the diameter is less than minimum, replace the bolt.
5. INSPECT CRANKSHAFT





a. Inspect for circle runout.
1. Place the crankshaft on V-blocks.
2. Using a dial indicator, measure the circle runout at the center journal.
Maximum circle runout: 0.08 mm (0.0031 inch)
If the circle runout is greater than maximum, replace the crankshaft.





b. Inspect the main journals and crank pins.
1. Using a micrometer, measure the diameter of each main journal and crank pin.
Main journal diameter: 66.988 - 67.000 mm (2.6373 - 2.6378 inch)
Crank pin diameter: 51.982 - 52.000 mm (2.0465 - 2.0472 inch)
If the diameter is not as specified, check the oil clearance. If necessary, replace the crankshaft.
2. Check each main journal and crank pin for taper and out-of-round as shown.
Maximum taper and out-of-round: 0.02 mm (0.0008 inch)
If the taper and out-of-round is greater than maximum, replace the crankshaft.

REPLACEMENT





1. REPLACE OVERSIZED (O/S) PISTONS FOR CYLINDER BORING

HINT:
- Bore all the 8 cylinders to the oversized piston outside diameter.
- Replace all the piston rings with ones to match the over sized pistons.

a. Keep 8 new O/S pistons.
O/S 0.50 piston diameter: 94.402 - 94.430 mm (3.7166 - 3.7177 inch)

HINT: The shape of the piston varies for the LH and RH banks. The LH piston is marked with "LH" and "2L", the RH piston with "RH" and "2R".

b. Using a micrometer, measure the piston diameter at right angles to the piston pin center line, 30.75 mm (1.2106 inch) from the piston head.
c. Calculate the amount each cylinder is to be rebored as follows:
Size to be rebated = P - C - H
P = Piston diameter
C = Piston clearance: 0.090 - 0.111 mm (0.0035 - 0.0044 inch)
H = Allowance for honing: 0.02 mm (0.0008 inch) or less
d. Bore and hone the cylinders to calculated dimensions.
Maximum honing: 0.02 mm (0.0008 inch)

NOTICE: Excess honing will destroy the finished roundness.

2. REPLACE CONNECTING ROD BUSHINGS





a. Using SST and a press, press out the bushing.
SST 09222-30010





b. Align the oil holes of a new bushing and the connecting rod.
c. Using SST and a press, press in the bushing.
SST 09222-30010





d. Using a pin hole grinder, hone the bushing to obtain the standard specified clearance between the bushing and piston pin.





e. Check the piston pin fit at normal room temperature. Coat the piston pin with engine oil, and push it into the connecting rod with your thumb.
3. REPLACE CRANKSHAFT FRONT OIL SEAL
4. REPLACE CRANKSHAFT REAR OIL SEAL

HINT: There are 2 methods (a and b) to replace the oil seal.

a. If the rear oil seal retainer is removed from the cylinder block:





1. Using a screwdriver and hammer, tap out the oil seal.





2. Using SST and a hammer, tap in a new oil seal until its surface is flush with the rear oil seal retainer edge.
SST 09223-56010
3. Apply MP grease to the oil seal lip.
b. If the rear oil seal retainer is installed to the cylinder block:





1. Using a knife, cut off the oil seal lip.
2. Using a screwdriver, pry out the oil seal.

NOTICE: Be careful not to damage the crankshaft. Tape the screwdriver tip.

3. Apply MP grease to a new oil seal lip.





4. Using SST and a hammer, tap in the oil seal until its surface is flush with the rear oil seal retainer edge.
SST 09223-56010