Operation CHARM: Car repair manuals for everyone.
Manuals through 2025 now available!

Our trusted friends have launched a new website named LEMON, which has newer manuals. It also contains all the CHARM manuals.

LEMON is the spiritual successor to CHARM, I recommend you try it!

Link: lemon-manuals.la or lemon-manuals.org.ua

(Some people have issue connecting. LEMON is investigating. For now, use Firefox or change your DNS server)

Or, hide this message: temporarily or permanently

Air Injection: Description and Operation




Air is blown behind the exhaust valves by the Secondary Air Injection (AIR) system for a maximum of 100 seconds following cold start (coolant temperature of +5 °C to +33 °C). This adds oxygen to the exhaust, initiating a secondary combustion and thereby shortening the warm-up phase of the catalytic converter. Activation is triggered by the Motronic Engine Control Module (ECM) -J220- and sent via the Secondary Air Injection (AIR) pump relay -J299- to the Secondary Air Injection (AIR) solenoid valve -N112- (Change-over valve) and the combination valve.