Component Tests and General Diagnostics

Leak detecting cylinder

Special tools:
951 2775 Cylinder leak tester 951 2775 Cylinder Leak Tester

Cylinder leakage test or compression test




Using this method, the amount of leakage at the engine cylinders is measured and it is possible to locate the source of any leaks. To do this use: 951 2775 Cylinder leak tester 951 2775 Cylinder Leak Tester.
For D4164TX and D4204TX, use: 999 7013 Adapter 951 2775 999 7013 Adapter 951 2775.
A similar check can be performed using a compression gauge by injecting oil in the cylinder. However, this can cause a build-up of coke.
The result will not always be decisive or precise.
In addition, the VIDA station or the Volvo System Tester (VST) must always be connected afterwards to erase any diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs).

Description
The engine should be run to operating temperature so that the thermostat is open.
The piston in the cylinder that is being checked must be set to top dead center (TDC) at the compression stage.
A controlled air pressure is connected to the relevant cylinder via an adapter that is secured in the spark plug / glow plug well.
A gauge is used to measure the size of the leakage from the cylinder.
This is a pressure sensor with a regulator and displays the size of the leak expressed as a percentage.
This allows the extent of any problem to be determined.

Fault-tracing
The source of a leak can be located by analyzing sound at the following points.





A mechanic's stethoscope or a rubber hose can be used as a listening device.

Note! There is leakage at the piston rings even on a perfect engine. This is the only place where a small leak is permissible.

Check
If a leak is detected that is assumed to come from the valve system, first check that the piston in the relevant cylinder is at top dead center (TDC).
Then try to set the piston just prior to top dead center (TDC) and redo the test.
When repeating the leak test on the same engine, there are usually variations in the results of the measurements.
This is due to changes in the engine coolant temperature (ECT) and the piston not reaching the same position as in the previous test, and is affected by the amount of oil on the piston rings at the time.

Other information
Information about cylinder leakage test equipment can be found in: "Tool Bulletin 0238".