Torque Converter: Description and Operation

Torque Converter

The torque converter transmits and multiplies torque. The torque converter is a 4-element device:

- Impeller assembly
- Turbine assembly
- Reactor assembly
- Clutch and damper assembly

The standard torque converter components operate as follows:

- Rotation of the converter housing and impeller set the transmission fluid in motion.
- The turbine reacts to the transmission fluid motion from the impeller, transferring rotation to the geartrain through the input shaft.
- The reactor redirects transmission fluid going back into the impeller, allowing for torque multiplication.
- The clutch and damper assembly dampens powertrain torsional vibration and provides a direct mechanical connection for improved efficiency.
- Power is transmitted from the torque converter to the planetary gearsets and other components through the input shaft.