Principles Of Operation

Climate Control System

Principles of Operation

The Refrigerant Cycle

During stabilized conditions (A/C system shutdown), the refrigerant pressures are equal throughout the system. When the A/C compressor is in operation, it increases pressure on the refrigerant vapor, raising its temperature. The high-pressure and high-temperature vapor is then released into the top of the A/C condenser core.

The A/C condenser, being close to ambient temperature, causes the refrigerant vapor to condense into a liquid when heat is removed from the refrigerant by ambient air passing over the fins and tubing. The now liquid refrigerant, still at high pressure, exits from the bottom of the A/C condenser and enters the inlet side of the A/C receiver/drier. The receiver/drier is designed to remove moisture from the refrigerant.

The outlet of the receiver/drier is connected to the Thermostatic Expansion Valve (TXV). The TXV (Thermostatic Expansion Valve) provides the orifice which is the restriction in the refrigerant system and separates the high and low pressure sides of the A/C system. As the liquid refrigerant passes across this restriction, its pressure and boiling point are reduced.

The liquid refrigerant is now at its lowest pressure and temperature. As it passes through the A/C evaporator, it absorbs heat from the airflow passing over the plate/fin sections of the A/C evaporator. This addition of heat causes the refrigerant to boil (convert to gas). The now cooler air can no longer support the same humidity level of the warmer air and this excess moisture condenses on the exterior of the evaporator coils and fins and drains outside the vehicle.

The refrigerant cycle is now repeated with the A/C compressor again increasing the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant.

The evaporator discharge air temperature sensor monitors the temperature of the evaporator core controls A/C clutch cycling. If the temperature of the evaporator core is low enough to cause the condensed water vapor to freeze, the A/C clutch is disengaged by the PCM.

The high-side line pressure is monitored by the A/C pressure transducer so that A/C compressor operation is interrupted if the system pressure becomes too high or is determined to be too low (low charge condition).

The A/C compressor relief valve opens and vents refrigerant to relieve unusually high system pressure.

Thermostatic Expansion Valve (TXV) Type Refrigerant System