Operation CHARM: Car repair manuals for everyone.
Manuals through 2025 now available!

Our trusted friends have launched a new website named LEMON, which has newer manuals. It also contains all the CHARM manuals.

LEMON is the spiritual successor to CHARM, I recommend you try it!

Link: lemon-manuals.la or lemon-manuals.org.ua

(Some people have issue connecting. LEMON is investigating. For now, use Firefox or change your DNS server)

Or, hide this message: temporarily or permanently

KS Adjust Factor

Range - (-90 to 90 Degrees)
The knock sensor is a piezoelectric device which detects vibration due to spark knock. The VCM monitors the knock sensor signal while it performs spark advance calculations. This allows the engine to operate at maximum spark advance with out spark knock to improve driveability and fuel economy. This parameter is the number of degrees