Operation CHARM: Car repair manuals for everyone.
Manuals through 2025 now available!

Our trusted friends have launched a new website named LEMON, which has newer manuals. It also contains all the CHARM manuals.

LEMON is the spiritual successor to CHARM, I recommend you try it!

Link: lemon-manuals.la or lemon-manuals.org.ua

(Some people have issue connecting. LEMON is investigating. For now, use Firefox or change your DNS server)

Or, hide this message: temporarily or permanently

Starting Fuel










Starting Fuel

Pre-injection
When the ignition is switched on, the fuel pump relay is activated for one second to build up the fuel pressure.

As soon as the control module detects that the crankshaft has begun to turn, simultaneous injection takes place at all four injectors. The quantity of fuel injected depends on the coolant temperature.

Starter motor cranking
As soon as the control module has localized the large gap in the slotted ring, injection will take place according to the crankshaft angle.

The fuel quantity is still controlled by the coolant temperature alone and gradually diminishes as starter motor cranking continues.

Injection stops if the accelerator is pressed fully down. So if the engine is suspected of being flooded, it can be flushed with air.

As soon as engine speed exceeds 650 rpm it is considered to have started and the fuel quantity is calculated with the mass air flow sensor as the main sensor.