Operation CHARM: Car repair manuals for everyone.
Manuals through 2025 now available!

Our trusted friends have launched a new website named LEMON, which has newer manuals. It also contains all the CHARM manuals.

LEMON is the spiritual successor to CHARM, I recommend you try it!

Link: lemon-manuals.la or lemon-manuals.org.ua

(Some people have issue connecting. LEMON is investigating. For now, use Firefox or change your DNS server)

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Ignition Timing: Description and Operation

- Engine idle speed and ignition timing are not adjustable.

- CO content is regulated by Oxygen Sensor (O2S) control. Malfunctions in Oxygen Sensor control are detected by the On Board Diagnostics (OBD) program using the VAG 1551 Scan Tool (ST), and stored in Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Memory in the Motronic Engine Control Module (ECM).